The nurse is planning health promotion teaching to a patient on prevention of a pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following health promotion strategies can help reduce the risk of developing a DVT and pulmonary embolism? Directions for drag and drop: Click and drag the possible answer choices from the left box to the right box to indicate your answers.

Eating a diet high in saturated fats

Regular exercise and physical activity

Maintaining a healthy weight

Limiting fluid intake

Avoiding smoking and tobacco use

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A. Eating a diet high in saturated fats: Diets high in saturated fats contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease but do not directly prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism. Emphasis should be on heart-healthy diets rather than high saturated fat intake.

B. Regular exercise and physical activity: Physical activity promotes venous return from the lower extremities and reduces blood stasis, which is a major risk factor for DVT. Encouraging regular movement is a key strategy in preventing both DVT and subsequent pulmonary embolism.

C. Maintaining a healthy weight: Obesity increases the risk of venous thromboembolism due to venous stasis and inflammation. Maintaining a healthy weight lowers this risk and supports overall cardiovascular health.

D. Limiting fluid intake: Limiting fluids can increase blood viscosity, promoting stasis and clot formation. Adequate hydration is important in reducing the risk of DVT and PE, so fluid restriction is not recommended for prevention.

E. Avoiding smoking and tobacco use: Smoking damages vascular endothelium, promotes platelet aggregation, and increases coagulability, all of which heighten the risk for DVT and PE. Avoiding tobacco use is an important preventive measure.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min: Dopamine is a vasopressor and inotropic agent used for hypotension or bradycardia unresponsive to first-line interventions. While it can support blood pressure, it is not the initial first-line medication for symptomatic bradycardia associated with first-degree AV block.

B. Administer atropine 0.5 mg IV: Atropine is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia, including patients with first-degree AV block who exhibit dizziness, hypotension, or chest pain. It increases heart rate by inhibiting vagal stimulation, improving cardiac output and perfusion to alleviate symptoms.

C. Administer amiodarone 150 mg IV: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic used for ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. It is not indicated for first-degree AV block with bradycardia and could worsen conduction abnormalities if misused.

D. Prepare the patient for cardioversion: Synchronized cardioversion is used for unstable tachyarrhythmias, not for bradycardic rhythms like first-degree AV block. Preparing for cardioversion in this scenario would be inappropriate and potentially harmful.

A. Administering high-flow oxygen therapy B. Administering analgesics for pain relief C. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises D. Prepare for the need for intubation E. Encouraging the patient to lie flat on their back

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Administering high-flow oxygen therapy: Patients with flail chest often experience hypoxemia due to impaired ventilation and paradoxical chest wall movement. Providing high-flow oxygen helps maintain adequate oxygenation and tissue perfusion while reducing the risk of respiratory distress.

B. Administering analgesics for pain relief: Severe pain from rib fractures can inhibit deep breathing and effective coughing, increasing the risk of atelectasis and pneumonia. Adequate analgesia, including opioids or regional blocks, allows the patient to breathe more comfortably and participate in respiratory exercises safely.

C. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises: Respiratory physiotherapy is critical to prevent pulmonary complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia. Even with chest wall instability, guided deep breathing and coughing help mobilize secretions and improve lung expansion while maintaining oxygenation.

D. Prepare for the need for intubation: Severe flail chest can lead to respiratory failure due to inadequate ventilation and hypoxemia. The nurse must anticipate and be prepared for intubation and mechanical ventilation if the patient’s respiratory status deteriorates, ensuring rapid response to acute respiratory compromise.

E. Encouraging the patient to lie flat on their back: Lying flat is contraindicated for flail chest patients because it can exacerbate paradoxical movement of the chest wall, increase respiratory effort, and worsen oxygenation. Elevating the head of the bed or maintaining a semi-Fowler’s position is preferred to facilitate ventilation.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a patient with a flail chest. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply. Directions for Drag and Drop: Click and drag the correct possible answers from the left box to the right to indicate your answer.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with COVID. Which clinical manifestation is most indicative that the patient is progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

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