The nurse is preparing an anxious client for major surgery and remarks, "Everyone feels some anxiety, but you will be asleep during the whole thing.”. This is an example of which communication style?
Changing the subject.
Summarizing.
False reassurance.
Premature advice.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Changing the subject involves the nurse moving the conversation away from the client's expressed concern to a different topic. In this scenario, the nurse is still addressing the client's anxiety and the upcoming surgery, so they have not changed the subject. However, the way they addressed the concern was dismissive. Instead of shifting to a new topic like the weather or hospital food, the nurse gave a response that minimized the client's current emotional state.
Choice B rationale
Summarizing is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse briefly states the main points of the discussion to ensure mutual understanding. It helps the client feel heard and organizes the information shared during the interaction. The nurse's statement in the question does not reflect the client's feelings or consolidate the conversation. Instead, it provides a generic statement that ignores the specific nature of the client's fears, failing to demonstrate the clarifying purpose of a summary.
Choice C rationale
False reassurance occurs when a nurse gives a clichéd or superficial response that minimizes the client's concerns and implies there is no cause for worry. Telling an anxious client they will be asleep and that everyone feels this way devalues the client's unique experience. This communication style can block further expression of feelings and damage the therapeutic bond because the client may feel that their very real fears are being dismissed as unimportant or easily resolved.
Choice D rationale
Premature advice happens when the nurse offers a solution or a course of action before fully exploring the client's feelings or the details of the situation. In this case, the nurse is not necessarily telling the client what to do, but rather telling them how they should feel or why their feelings are unnecessary. This shuts down the opportunity for the nurse to understand why the client is anxious, which prevents the development of a tailored and effective intervention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bronchial lung sounds are normal, high-pitched, loud sounds heard over the trachea and larynx. They are characterized by a short inspiratory phase and a long expiratory phase. While hearing these sounds in the peripheral lung fields might indicate an abnormality like consolidation, the term itself refers to a specific type of breath sound rather than the structural pathology of lung collapse or the incomplete expansion of the alveolar units within the pulmonary system.
Choice B rationale
Surfactant is a lipoprotein complex produced by Type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface within the alveoli. Its primary function is to prevent the lungs from collapsing during expiration by making it easier for the alveoli to expand during inhalation. While a deficiency in surfactant can lead to lung collapse, the surfactant itself is a substance, not the clinical condition of collapsed or unexpanded lung tissue described in the question.
Choice C rationale
Bradypnea is a clinical sign defined as an abnormally slow respiratory rate, typically fewer than 12 breaths per minute in an adult. This condition can be caused by various factors, including drug overdose, metabolic derangements, or increased intracranial pressure. While a slow respiratory rate can lead to poor lung expansion over time, it is a measurement of breathing frequency and does not describe the anatomical state of the lung tissue or alveolar collapse.
Choice D rationale
Atelectasis is the medical term for the partial or complete collapse of a lung or a lobe of a lung, occurring when the alveoli become deflated or filled with alveolar fluid. It is common after surgery or in patients who are bedridden and cannot breathe deeply. This condition reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, potentially leading to hypoxemia. Management often includes deep breathing exercises, coughing, and the use of incentive spirometry to re-expand the lung tissue.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Chemoreceptors are specialized sensors that detect changes in the levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH in the blood. While central chemoreceptors are located in the medulla oblongata, they function as inputs to the respiratory system rather than being the system itself. They provide the necessary data that the brain uses to adjust breathing, but the integration and generation of the respiratory rhythm occur within the respiratory center, making the center the more comprehensive anatomical answer.
Choice B rationale
There is no anatomical structure formally known as the oxygen center in the brainstem. The regulation of breathing is a complex process involving multiple groups of neurons that respond to various chemical and mechanical signals. Using the term oxygen center is scientifically inaccurate and oversimplifies the complex neurological control of ventilation, which is primarily driven by carbon dioxide levels and pH balance rather than solely by the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood.
Choice C rationale
Stretch receptors are located in the smooth muscle of the airways and the visceral pleura, not primarily within the brainstem itself. These receptors are part of the Hering-Breuer reflex, which prevents over-inflation of the lungs by sending inhibitory signals to the medulla via the vagus nerve. While they interact with the brainstem to modulate the breathing cycle, they are peripheral components of the respiratory control system rather than being located within the brainstem structure.
Choice D rationale
The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and the pons of the brainstem. It consists of several groups of neurons, including the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, which coordinate the rhythm and depth of breathing. Damage to the brainstem can disrupt these vital centers, leading to irregular breathing patterns or total respiratory arrest. This center integrates chemical, emotional, and physical signals to ensure that gas exchange meets the metabolic demands of the body.
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