The nurse is teaching the patient about different stages of sleep. The nurse knows that REM sleep includes which one of the following?

When assessing the abdomen, the nurse would expect to auscultate bowel sounds, which are the sounds made by the movement of gas and fluid through the intestines. The normal bowel sounds are characterized as high-pitched, gurgling, and occurring at a rate of 5-30 sounds per minute.

Bruits are abnormal sounds indicating turbulent blood flow and are usually assessed in other areas of the body, such as the epigastric and renal arteries, as well as in the aorta.

Friction rubs are also abnormal sounds, but they are typically heard during auscultation of the heart and lungs.

Low-pitched sonorous sounds are not typical sounds that are expected to be heard during an abdominal assessment

The SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) system is a standardized way of communicating critical information between healthcare professionals, particularly during patient handoffs or when escalating a concern.

The recommendation component is where the healthcare professional providing the report suggests a course of action or plan for the patient based on the situation, background, and assessment. For example, a recommendation might be, "I recommend increasing Mr. Smith's pain medication to manage his discomfort," or "I recommend a consult with the nutritionist to address Mrs. Brown's malnutrition."

Of the options provided, (a) provides the situation, (c) provides the assessment, and (d) provides a specific finding from the assessment. Option (b) is a specific recommendation or plan.