The order reads: Infuse D5W 1,000 mL over 8 hours. What is the IV flow rate in mL/hour?

Rationale:

A. Ertugliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor, which increases glucose excretion in the urine and naturally increases urinary output (polyuria). Fluid restriction is not recommended, as it can worsen dehydration, hypotension, or electrolyte imbalance. Adequate hydration is important.

B. Ertugliflozin typically causes mild reductions in blood pressure due to osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. Hypertension is not a common adverse effect.

C. SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion, which creates an environment conducive to genital fungal infections (candidiasis). Patients should be taught to: Monitor for itching, discharge, redness, or discomfort, report symptoms promptly and practice good hygiene to help prevent infections

D. SGLT2 inhibitors may actually cause mild diuresis and volume loss, not fluid retention. Swelling or edema is not expected and should be evaluated if it occurs, as it may indicate another condition.

Rationale:

A. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, lifelong condition. Education cannot cure the disease, but it empowers the client to manage blood glucose, adopt healthy behaviors, and prevent complications. Believing diabetes can “go away” may lead to poor adherence and unrealistic expectations.

B. Medications help control blood glucose but cannot replace self-management behaviors such as monitoring glucose, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, and understanding hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Education is essential for safe and effective diabetes management.

C. This statement reflects accurate understanding. Diabetes education promotes: Glycemic control through lifestyle and medication adherence, prevention of acute complications like hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, Reduction of long-term complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease and empowerment and self-efficacy in disease management

D. Education is necessary for all patients with Type 2 diabetes, regardless of treatment modality. Even those managed with diet, exercise, or oral medications need to understand nutrition, glucose monitoring, physical activity, and complication prevention. Limiting education to insulin therapy overlooks critical self-management skills.