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The smallest arteries, called

branch into tiny capillaries where nutrients and wastes are exchanged.
Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}

A. Venules: Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillary beds and transport it toward larger veins. They do not branch into capillaries; instead, they serve as the post-capillary vessels returning blood to the heart.

B. Arterioles: Arterioles are the smallest arteries that branch from larger arteries and lead into capillary networks. Their narrow lumens and smooth muscle walls allow them to regulate blood flow and pressure, controlling perfusion to specific tissues and organs.

C. Capillaries: Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where nutrient, gas, and waste exchange occurs between blood and tissues. They receive blood from arterioles, but they are not arteries themselves.

D. Veins: Veins carry blood back toward the heart and are not involved in branching into capillaries. They function as low-pressure vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from venules and return it to the central circulation.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Smaller arteries and arterioles reducing the rate of flow: Vascular resistance is primarily determined by vessel radius, as described by Poiseuille’s law, where resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Smaller arteries and arterioles have narrow lumens and abundant smooth muscle, allowing vasoconstriction that markedly increases resistance and reduces flow.

B. Ventricular relaxation causing sudden acceleration of blood flow: Ventricular relaxation (diastole) does not cause sudden acceleration of blood flow; rather, systole generates peak flow. Resistance arises from vessel characteristics such as diameter, viscosity, and length, not from phases of the cardiac cycle alone.

C. Increased vessel diameter and low hydrostatic pressure: Increasing vessel diameter decreases resistance, again based on Poiseuille’s principle. Low hydrostatic pressure also reduces the driving force for flow but does not inherently increase resistance; resistance is related to structural and rheological factors within vessels.

D. High-pressure gradients that eliminate vascular resistance: A pressure gradient drives blood flow through the vascular system but does not eliminate resistance. Resistance is always present due to friction between blood and vessel walls. A higher gradient increases flow but does not remove the inherent vascular resistance.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct answer: True

Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant reduction in intravascular circulating volume, leading to decreased preload, reduced stroke volume, and diminished cardiac output. Hemorrhage is one of the most common causes because acute blood loss reduces both plasma volume and red blood cell mass, impairing oxygen delivery to tissues. As circulating volume falls, venous return to the heart decreases, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion. Without prompt fluid and blood replacement, this volume deficit progresses to hypotension, organ hypoxia, and shock.

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