Tygacil 50 milligrams IV once a day is ordered for a patient.

The Tygacil is dissolved in 50 milliliters of Normal Saline and should infuse over 30 minutes.

Using an IV pump, how many milliliters per hour will you administer the medication? Whole number.

Choice A rationale

Preterm newborns actually have a relatively larger body surface area compared to their body weight than full-term infants. This increased surface-to-mass ratio is a significant factor contributing to their rapid and excessive heat loss because a greater proportion of the heat-producing tissue is exposed to the environment, making it harder to maintain a stable core temperature.

Choice B rationale

The primary mechanism for nonshivering thermogenesis in newborns involves the metabolism of brown adipose tissue (brown fat). While a preterm newborn may have some brown fat, the amount is significantly less developed and less accumulated compared to a term infant, which, coupled with poor muscle tone, severely reduces their capacity to generate and maintain sufficient heat.

Choice C rationale

Preterm newborns are highly susceptible to cold stress because their central nervous system temperature control mechanisms are immature and inefficient. They lack the necessary muscle tone for flexion, have minimal subcutaneous fat for insulation, possess a thin skin barrier, and have inadequate brown fat reserves, all of which contribute to an inability to maintain a neutral thermal environment without external support.

Choice D rationale

Heat loss via evaporation occurs when moisture on the skin (like amniotic fluid, or from insensible water loss) converts to vapor. While the thin skin of a preterm newborn does lead to increased insensible water loss, the primary reason for placing them in an incubator is to counteract the combined effects of reduced heat production and increased heat loss via convection, radiation, and conduction, not merely to dry sweat. —.

Choice A rationale

Hypoglycemia, a condition of low blood glucose (normal range 40-60 mg/dL in neonates), is not prevented by phytonadione (vitamin K). This condition is primarily related to inadequate glucose stores or production, often seen in large or small for gestational age infants or those whose mothers had diabetes. Vitamin K is essential for coagulation factor synthesis, not glucose metabolism regulation.

Choice B rationale

Hyperbilirubinemia, characterized by elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin (jaundice), is not prevented by routine vitamin K administration. This condition results from increased breakdown of fetal red blood cells and the neonate's immature liver function being unable to adequately conjugate and excrete bilirubin. Vitamin K does not directly influence bilirubin processing or excretion pathways.

Choice C rationale

Phytonadione (vitamin K) is administered to neonates to prevent Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB), previously known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Vitamin K is crucial for the liver's synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. Neonates have low vitamin K stores and insufficient gut flora to produce it, making supplementation necessary to prevent life-threatening bleeding.

Choice D rationale

Polycythemia is an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells (hematocrit > 65.