What is the characteristic of the immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Oral agents are often effective for treatment.
Age at onset is usually younger than 18 years.
Onset is gradual.
Ketoacidosis is infrequent.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Oral agents are often effective for treatment is incorrect because type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Insulin therapy, not oral hypoglycemic agents, is required.
B. Age at onset is usually younger than 18 years is correct because immune-mediated type 1 diabetes typically develops in children and adolescents, although it can occur at any age. This is the classic age group for presentation of type 1 diabetes.
C. Onset is gradual is incorrect because type 1 diabetes usually has a rapid onset of symptoms, such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue, over weeks to months.
D. Ketoacidosis is infrequent is incorrect because diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common presenting feature in children with type 1 diabetes, especially at initial diagnosis, due to absolute insulin deficiency.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Rhinorrhea, congestion, mild sore throat, and hoarseness is incorrect because these are typical symptoms of a common upper respiratory infection, such as viral pharyngitis or the common cold. Epiglottitis presents much more acutely and severely.
B. Sudden onset of cough, wheezing, rapid breathing, and difficulty swallowing is incorrect because wheezing is more characteristic of lower airway obstruction, such as asthma or bronchiolitis, rather than epiglottitis, which affects the supraglottic area.
C. Difficulty swallowing, drooling, hoarseness, and sitting in a tripod position is correct because epiglottitis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis. Key clinical signs include drooling due to difficulty swallowing, dysphagia, hoarseness or muffled voice, tripod posture to maximize airway patency, high fever, and a toxic appearance.
D. Hoarseness, stridor, and a barking cough is incorrect because these findings are more consistent with croup (laryngotracheobronchitis). Croup usually develops gradually and presents with a barking cough, low-grade fever, and inspiratory stridor, unlike the acute and severe presentation of epiglottitis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Develops object permanence is incorrect because object permanence is typically achieved by 8–12 months of age, during the sensorimotor stage of infancy, not during the preschool years.
B. Participates in imaginary play is correct because preschoolers (ages 3–5 years) engage in imaginative or pretend play, which is a hallmark of this developmental stage. Imaginary play supports cognitive, social, and emotional development and is consistent with Piaget’s preoperational stage.
C. Builds a collection of cards is incorrect because collecting items is more typical of school-age children (around 6–12 years), who are developing organizational skills and a sense of classification.
D. Learns to tell time is incorrect because this skill generally develops later in the school-age period, as it requires a more advanced understanding of abstract concepts and numerical sequencing.
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