What is the immediate effect of increased blood pressure on kidney filtration through direct regulation?

Correct answer: True

Larger veins, particularly in the extremities, contain valves that prevent the backflow of blood and ensure unidirectional movement toward the heart. These valves are necessary because venous blood is often moving against gravity, especially from the legs and lower body. The combination of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump, where contracting muscles compress veins, facilitates venous return. Without these valves, blood could pool in the lower extremities, leading to venous insufficiency, edema, and varicose veins.

A. E (Anterior tibial artery): The anterior tibial artery arises from the popliteal artery. It passes through an opening in the interosseous membrane to enter the anterior compartment of the leg. It descends along the interosseous membrane, supplying the extensor muscles of the leg. At the level of the ankle joint, it continues as the dorsalis pedis artery.

B. B (Dorsalis pedis): The dorsalis pedis artery is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery on the dorsum of the foot. It runs lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus and is commonly palpated to assess peripheral circulation. It contributes to the dorsal arterial arch and provides branches to the toes.

C. F (Posterior tibial artery): The posterior tibial artery is the larger terminal branch of the popliteal artery. It descends in the posterior compartment of the leg, supplying the flexor muscles. It passes posterior to the medial malleolus (where its pulse can be palpated) and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries to supply the sole of the foot.

D. D (Popliteal artery): The popliteal artery is the continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus. It lies deep in the popliteal fossa posterior to the knee joint. It supplies the knee via genicular branches and terminates at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries.