What is the name of the smallest airways in the conducting zone?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Terminal bronchioles
Segmental bronchi
Alveolar sacs
The Correct Answer is C
A. Respiratory bronchioles: Respiratory bronchioles are part of the respiratory zone, not the conducting zone. They have alveoli budding from their walls and participate in gas exchange, marking the transition from air conduction to respiration.
B. Alveolar ducts: Alveolar ducts are elongated passages lined with alveoli, located within the respiratory zone. They conduct air to alveolar sacs and are primarily involved in gas exchange rather than simple conduction of air.
C. Terminal bronchioles: Terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways of the conducting zone. They branch from the larger bronchioles, lack alveoli, and primarily serve to transport air to the respiratory bronchioles while maintaining airway resistance and airflow distribution.
D. Segmental bronchi: Segmental (tertiary) bronchi are larger branches within the conducting zone that supply bronchopulmonary segments. They are significantly larger than terminal bronchioles and are involved in bulk air conduction rather than fine distribution.
E. Alveolar sacs: Alveolar sacs are clusters of alveoli at the ends of alveolar ducts within the respiratory zone. They are the primary sites of gas exchange and are beyond the conducting zone, making them functionally distinct from terminal bronchioles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. It doubles: The total pressure of a gas mixture does not automatically double when combining gases. Doubling would only occur if each gas contributed an identical pressure and quantity, which is not generally the case in a mixture of different gases.
B. It remains unchanged: The total pressure of a gas mixture is directly dependent on the sum of the pressures exerted by individual gases. It cannot remain unchanged if partial pressures of the component gases vary or are combined.
C. It decreases: Total pressure decreases only if gas molecules are removed or the volume is increased. Simply adding partial pressures does not reduce total pressure; it accumulates the contributions of all gases present.
D. It equals the sum of the partial pressures: According to Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures of each gas in the mixture. Each gas contributes independently to the total pressure based on its mole fraction and temperature.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. To enhance oxygen intake during intense activity: Laryngeal spasm does not facilitate oxygen intake. In fact, it temporarily obstructs airflow, making breathing difficult. Oxygen delivery during activity relies on normal airway patency and increased ventilation, not protective reflexes like a laryngeal spasm.
B. To temporarily close the airway and prevent foreign substances from entering the lungs: Laryngeal spasm is a protective reflex that causes sudden closure of the vocal cords in response to irritants, liquids, or foreign bodies. This prevents aspiration into the trachea and lungs, protecting the lower respiratory tract from potential injury or infection.
C. To reduce lung expansion by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction: Lung expansion is controlled by diaphragm and intercostal muscle activity, not by laryngeal spasms. The spasm does not directly affect smooth muscle in the lungs; its main effect is at the level of the larynx.
D. To stimulate the VRG and increase lung volume: The ventral respiratory group (VRG) regulates rhythm and force of respiration. Laryngeal spasm does not stimulate the VRG or increase lung volume; rather, it temporarily halts airflow as a protective mechanism.
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