What is the normal value for central venous pressure?
2-6 mmHg
12 mmHg
10 mm Hg
15 mm Hg
The Correct Answer is A
A. 2–6 mm Hg: Normal central venous pressure reflects right atrial pressure and venous return to the heart. Values between 2 and 6 mm Hg indicate adequate circulating volume and right ventricular function. This range is commonly accepted as normal in adults.
B. 12 mm Hg: A CVP of 12 mm Hg suggests increased intravascular volume or right-sided cardiac dysfunction. Such a value may be seen in fluid overload, heart failure, or pulmonary hypertension. It exceeds the normal reference range.
C. 10 mm Hg: A CVP of 10 mm Hg is higher than normal and may indicate volume overload or impaired right ventricular filling. This level warrants further assessment rather than being considered normal.
D. 15 mm Hg: A CVP of 15 mm Hg indicates significantly elevated right atrial pressure. This finding is associated with severe fluid overload or cardiac compromise. It is well above normal values.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Gastric residual volumes of 500 mL should be of concern: Residual volumes ≥500 mL are associated with increased risk of aspiration and feeding intolerance. At this threshold, the nurse should reassess feeding tolerance and notify the provider.
B. Gastric residual volume is checked every 2 hours: Routine checking every 2 hours is not recommended and may unnecessarily interrupt nutrition. Many guidelines discourage frequent checks unless the patient shows signs of intolerance.
C. Gastric residual volumes of 100 mL should be of concern: A residual of 100 mL is generally considered acceptable and not an indication to stop or hold enteral feedings. Using this low threshold can lead to underfeeding.
D. Gastric residual volume is checked every 6 hours: Scheduled routine checks at fixed intervals are no longer universally recommended. Assessment should be guided by patient condition and clinical signs rather than strict timing.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. IV Dextrose 10% bolus: Administering dextrose can increase serum osmolality and potentially worsen cerebral edema. It is not indicated for reducing intracranial pressure. Dextrose is typically reserved for treating hypoglycemia.
B. Heparin infusion: Anticoagulation is not a primary intervention for elevated intracranial pressure. Heparin would be contraindicated in patients at risk of intracranial bleeding or cerebral edema.
C. Furosemide PO: Oral furosemide has a delayed onset and limited effectiveness in rapidly reducing intracranial pressure. While loop diuretics may be used adjunctively, IV administration is preferred for acute management.
D. IV Mannitol or hypertonic saline: Osmotic agents such as IV mannitol or hypertonic saline are first-line therapies for elevated ICP. They create an osmotic gradient that draws fluid from cerebral tissue into the intravascular space, reducing cerebral edema and pressure effectively and rapidly.
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