What is the primary structural difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker walls than veins.
Arteries have valves inside them.
Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
Veins have more elastic tissue than arteries.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Arteries have thicker walls than veins: Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls to withstand high pressure from the heart’s pumping action. This structural feature allows them to maintain blood flow and pressure throughout the circulatory system.
B. Arteries have valves inside them: Arteries generally do not have valves because blood flows under high pressure from the heart. Valves are primarily found in veins to prevent backflow.
C. Veins have thicker walls than arteries: Veins have thinner walls than arteries since they carry blood under lower pressure. Their thinner walls allow veins to expand and accommodate larger volumes of blood.
D. Veins have more elastic tissue than arteries: Arteries contain more elastic tissue to handle pulsatile blood flow. Veins have less elastic tissue and rely on valves and surrounding muscles to help return blood to the heart.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Allergic reaction: Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless external substances, such as pollen or food proteins, rather than attacking the body’s own cells.
B. Autoimmune disease: Autoimmune diseases arise when the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the body’s own healthy cells and tissues, leading to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, or lupus.
C. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency involves a weakened or absent immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections, rather than attacking its own cells.
D. Chronic inflammation: Chronic inflammation is a prolonged immune response to persistent infection or irritants, which can damage tissues over time, but it is not defined by the immune system attacking self-cells.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Activating B cells and other immune cells: Helper T cells coordinate the immune response by releasing cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages, enhancing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
B. Producing antibodies: Antibodies are produced by plasma cells, which are differentiated B cells, not by helper T cells.
C. Directly killing infected cells: Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for directly attacking and destroying infected or abnormal cells, whereas helper T cells regulate and support the immune response.
D. Engulfing pathogens: Phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils perform pathogen engulfment; helper T cells do not directly ingest pathogens.
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