What is the term for craving a nonfood item?
Listeriosis
Famine
Preeclampsia
Pica
The Correct Answer is D
A. Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, typically from contaminated food, and is particularly dangerous during pregnancy. It is unrelated to cravings for nonfood items.
B. Famine refers to a widespread scarcity of food, often due to crop failure or disaster. It is not a medical condition involving cravings.
C. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, sometimes accompanied by swelling. It does not involve cravings for nonfood substances.
D. Pica is the medical term for a craving and consumption of nonfood substances such as dirt, clay, chalk, ice, or paper. It is often associated with nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron or zinc deficiency), pregnancy, or certain mental health conditions. Pica can lead to health risks, including gastrointestinal blockages, poisoning, or infections if the nonfood items are contaminated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lipids (fats) provide the most energy per gram compared to other macronutrients. They yield approximately 9 kilocalories per gram, making them the most energy-dense nutrient. Lipids are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down through beta-oxidation and the Krebs cycle to produce ATP, supplying long-term energy for the body.
B. Vitamins do not provide energy directly. They function as coenzymes or cofactors in metabolic reactions that help the body derive energy from macronutrients but do not themselves yield calories.
C. Minerals are inorganic nutrients essential for enzyme function, bone health, fluid balance, and other physiological processes, but they do not provide caloric energy.
D. Water is essential for life, participating in chemical reactions, temperature regulation, and nutrient transport, but it contains no calories and therefore provides no energy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Fortified grains and cereals are excellent sources of folic acid, the synthetic form of folate (vitamin B9). Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy is crucial for proper neural tube development, which forms the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Consuming folic acid-rich foods or supplements has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
B. While fresh citrus fruits contain some natural folate, the amounts are generally lower than in fortified grains and cereals. Relying solely on citrus fruits may not provide sufficient folic acid to meet the recommended daily intake for pregnant women.
C. Simple carbohydrates, such as sugar and refined starches, provide energy but do not contain significant amounts of folic acid or other essential micronutrients needed to prevent neural tube defects.
D. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids important for overall health, including brain and eye development, but they do not provide folic acid and are not effective in preventing neural tube defects.
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