What would be an area of concern for health teaching specific to preschoolers?
Overeating
Aspiration risk
Prevention of injury
Sex education
The Correct Answer is C
Preschool children (3–6 years) are in the initiative vs guilt stage and are highly active, curious, and impulsive, with limited hazard perception. Their developmental profile places them at increased risk for accidental injury due to poor judgment, exploratory behavior, and inadequate threat recognition.
Rationale:
A. Overeating is not a primary developmental concern for preschool health teaching. While nutrition is important, this age group is more at risk for accidental injury than chronic dietary excess. Appetite regulation is usually stable unless influenced by external factors.
B. Aspiration risk is more prominent in infants and toddlers due to immature swallowing coordination. Preschool children generally have improved oropharyngeal control, making aspiration a less significant health teaching priority compared to injury prevention.
C. Prevention of injury is the most critical health teaching focus because preschoolers exhibit curiosity, impulsivity, and limited danger awareness. They are at high risk for burns, poisoning, falls, and road injuries, making safety education essential for this age group.
D. Sex education is not a primary focus at this developmental stage beyond basic body safety concepts. Preschool teaching emphasizes simple safety rules rather than structured sexual education, which becomes more relevant in later developmental stages.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Infant cardiovascular and respiratory physiology is characterized by higher metabolic demand, reduced stroke volume, reduced tidal volume, and limited oxygen reserve, requiring compensatory increases in heart rate and respiratory rate to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Rationale:
A. Infants have lower stroke volume and reduced tidal volume, meaning each heartbeat and breath delivers less oxygen and blood. To compensate for limited exchange per cycle, heart and respiratory rates are physiologically higher to maintain adequate oxygen delivery and perfusion.
B. This is incorrect because infants do not have larger stroke volume or tidal volume compared to adults. Their cardiopulmonary systems are immature, with limited capacity per cycle, so increased rates compensate for reduced, not increased, exchange volumes.
C. Infants do not have slower metabolism; in fact, metabolic rate is higher than adults due to growth demands. Therefore, slower heart and respiratory rates would not meet oxygen requirements. This option contradicts basic pediatric physiology principles.
D. Smaller body size does not result in slower cardiorespiratory rates. Instead, reduced lung compliance and smaller cardiac output require increased rates. Physiological demand in infants necessitates faster rather than slower heart and respiratory activity to sustain oxygenation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rapid elevation of body temperature in infants and young children can trigger febrile seizures due to immature central nervous system thermoregulation, increased neuronal excitability, and lowered seizure threshold during febrile illness, especially with abrupt temperature rise above 38.9°C.
Rationale:
A. Lethargy is a nonspecific symptom of systemic infection or fever but is not a direct acute complication of rapid temperature rise. It reflects reduced energy and illness severity rather than a neurologically mediated emergency event.
B. Febrile seizures occur due to rapid temperature elevation affecting neuronal excitability in the immature brain. The sudden rise increases metabolic demand and alters ion channel function, lowering seizure threshold, particularly in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
C. Tachycardia is a physiological compensatory response to fever rather than a complication. Increased heart rate helps meet metabolic demands during pyrexia but does not represent a direct neurologic or acute febrile complication like seizure activity.
D. Hypertension is not typically associated with febrile responses in infants. Fever more commonly causes vasodilation and potential hypotension in severe cases. Elevated blood pressure is not a recognized complication of rapid temperature rise in pediatric patients.
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