Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Genitourinary system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
The Correct Answer is D
A. Genitourinary system: The genitourinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, and reproductive organs, is not primarily affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This disease does not target urinary function or reproductive structures.
B. Digestive system: The digestive system, which includes organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas, is not the main site of pathology in CJD. Gastrointestinal symptoms are generally absent or secondary to systemic decline.
C. Circulatory system: The heart, blood vessels, and blood components are not directly impacted by CJD. Circulatory dysfunction is not a hallmark of the disease, though secondary effects like immobility could influence cardiovascular health.
D. Nervous system: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease primarily affects the central nervous system. It is caused by prions, misfolded proteins that induce neurodegeneration, leading to rapidly progressive dementia, motor dysfunction, and neurological decline. The brain tissue shows spongiform changes, making the nervous system the main system affected.
E. Respiratory system: The respiratory system is not the primary target of CJD. While respiratory complications may arise late in the disease due to immobility or aspiration, they are secondary consequences rather than a direct effect of the disease process.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Capsid: The capsid is the protein shell that encloses and protects the viral nucleic acid, which can be either DNA or RNA. It is composed of repeating protein subunits called capsomeres, which provide structural stability and facilitate attachment to host cells. The capsid plays a key role in viral infectivity and immune system recognition.
B. Cell wall: A cell wall is a rigid structure found in bacteria, fungi, and plants that provides shape and protection to the cell. Viruses do not have cell walls, as they are acellular entities and rely on host cells for replication.
C. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside cells that contains organelles and metabolic machinery. Viruses lack cytoplasm entirely, as they are not true cells and cannot carry out independent metabolic processes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms. They have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotes. Examples include Plasmodium and Giardia.
B. Bacteria: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Their genetic material exists in a nucleoid, and their cellular processes occur in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane. This simplicity allows rapid growth and adaptation.
C. Fungi: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts and molds. They possess a true nucleus, 80S ribosomes, and membrane-bound organelles. Their complex cellular structures differentiate them from prokaryotes.
D. Algae: Algae are eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. They contain chloroplasts, a nucleus, and other organelles. While some are unicellular, their cellular organization classifies them as eukaryotic, not prokaryotic.
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