Which finding best distinguishes major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD) from mild NCD?
Slower recall of information
Forgetting where the keys were placed
Occasional word-finding difficulty
Difficulty performing ADLS independently
The Correct Answer is D
A. Slower recall of information: A mild decrease in the speed of memory retrieval is a common sign of mild NCD or even normal cognitive aging. While it is a measurable change, it does not prevent the individual from successfully navigating their environment. The primary distinction between the two types of NCD is the impact on the person's functional independence.
B. Forgetting where the keys were placed: Misplacing common objects is a frequent complaint in mild NCD and does not necessarily indicate a major cognitive failure. Most individuals with mild impairment can still manage their daily affairs even with these frequent lapses. Major NCD is characterized by more profound deficits that cross the threshold into functional dependence.
C. Occasional word-finding difficulty: This symptom can be present in both mild and major NCD, though it becomes significantly more frequent and severe in the latter. In mild NCD, the person usually compensates well enough to maintain their social and occupational roles. The diagnosis shifts to major NCD when these communication deficits interfere with the performance of basic tasks.
D. Difficulty performing ADLS independently: The defining criterion for major neurocognitive disorder is a significant decline in cognitive performance that interferes with independence in everyday activities. Patients with major NCD require assistance with instrumental or basic activities of daily living like managing finances or bathing. In contrast, those with mild NCD retain the ability to live independently despite cognitive changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Only relevant when someone is sick: This perspective aligns with the biomedical model which focuses exclusively on the presence or absence of pathology. The continuum model argues that health is a dynamic state applicable to every individual regardless of their current clinical diagnosis. It encourages health promotion even in the absence of acute symptoms to move the individual toward higher wellness.
B. A fixed point that never changes: Health is a fluid and transactional process influenced by internal and external environmental factors. A fixed-point view fails to account for the physiological and psychological adaptations humans make throughout the lifespan. The continuum illustrates that an individual's position is always in flux based on lifestyle, stressors, and medical interventions.
C. A constantly shifting state between illness and wellness: This model represents health as a dynamic process where individuals move along a scale throughout their lives. One end represents premature death or high-level illness, while the other represents optimal well-being and peak performance. It emphasizes that nursing care should aim to move patients toward the wellness end of the spectrum.
D. Determined only by medical conditions: This narrow view ignores the social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions that contribute to an individual's overall health status. A person may have a chronic medical condition but still occupy a high-wellness position on the continuum through effective coping and lifestyle management. Health is a holistic construct that transcends the mere presence of physical disease.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Disease treatment, emergency care, and screenings: These components focus largely on the secondary and tertiary levels of healthcare delivery rather than primary health promotion. Emergency care and disease treatment are reactive interventions designed to manage acute pathology after it has already manifested. Screenings detect existing disease early but do not encompass the broader scope of wellness.
B. Surgery, diagnostic tests, and therapy: This triad represents medical and rehabilitative interventions aimed at correcting anatomical or physiological abnormalities. These actions are typically invasive or clinical responses to established illness or injury within the medical model. They lack the proactive, lifestyle-oriented focus required to empower individuals toward higher levels of health.
C. Illness management, medication use, and rehabilitation: These strategies are utilized to manage chronic conditions and restore function following a debilitating health event. While essential for maintaining stability in diseased states, they do not represent the foundational concepts of optimizing health. Health promotion seeks to move beyond the management of deficits toward the cultivation of holistic vitality.
D. Health promotion, wellness, and disease prevention: This selection encompasses the three pillars of proactive health care according to contemporary nursing and public health frameworks. Health promotion empowers people to increase control over their health, while wellness focuses on an active process of becoming aware. Disease prevention specifically targets the reduction of risk factors to avert the onset of illness.
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