Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?
Thyroxine
Calcitonin
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
The Correct Answer is D
A. Thyroxine: Thyroxine (T4) influences metabolic rate and can affect bone turnover but is not the primary hormone that raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts.
B. Calcitonin: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
C. Growth hormone: Growth hormone stimulates overall growth and has indirect effects on bone growth via IGF-1, but it is not the principal hormone that raises blood calcium via osteoclast stimulation.
D. Parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium concentration by stimulating osteoclast activity (indirectly via osteoblast signaling), increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting activation of vitamin D.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Saddle joint: Saddle joints allow biaxial movement (e.g., thumb carpometacarpal joint) but do not permit movement in all directions.
B. Pivot joint: Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis (e.g., atlantoaxial joint) and therefore do not provide multiaxial movement.
C. Hinge joint: Hinge joints permit movement primarily in one plane (flexion/extension) like the elbow and do not allow movement in all directions.
D. Ball-and-socket joint: Ball-and-socket joints (for example the shoulder and hip) permit multiaxial movement including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation, allowing the greatest directional range.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pivot joint:Pivot joints permit rotational movement around a single axis (for example the atlantoaxial joint) but have limited overall range compared with multiaxial joints.
B. Saddle joint:Saddle joints allow biaxial movement (for example the thumb carpometacarpal joint) and provide greater motion than a hinge but less than multiaxial joints.
C. Ball-and-socket joint:Ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulder and hip) allow multiaxial movement including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation, providing the greatest range of motion.
D. Hinge joint:Hinge joints permit movement primarily in one plane (flexion and extension), giving a more limited range compared with ball-and-socket joints.
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