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Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

A.

Thyroxine

B.

Calcitonin

C.

Growth hormone

D.

Parathyroid hormone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Thyroxine: Thyroxine (T4) influences metabolic rate and can affect bone turnover but is not the primary hormone that raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts.
B. Calcitonin: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
C. Growth hormone: Growth hormone stimulates overall growth and has indirect effects on bone growth via IGF-1, but it is not the principal hormone that raises blood calcium via osteoclast stimulation.
D. Parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium concentration by stimulating osteoclast activity (indirectly via osteoblast signaling), increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting activation of vitamin D.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Scapula: The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle).
B. Sternum: The sternum is a central bone of the thoracic cage and belongs to the axial skeleton.
C. Humerus: The humerus is a limb bone (appendicular skeleton).
D. Femur: The femur is a lower limb bone (appendicular skeleton).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Chondrocytes:Chondrocytes maintain cartilage and are not the principal cells responsible for bone resorption in osteoporosis.
B. Fibroblasts:Fibroblasts synthesize connective tissue matrix and are not the main drivers of bone density loss.
C. Osteoblasts:Osteoblasts form new bone, and reduced rather than increased osteoblastic activity contributes to osteoporosis when bone formation lags behind resorption.
D. Osteoclasts:Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix, and increased osteoclastic activity relative to formation leads to net bone loss seen in osteoporosis.

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