Which of the following blood types can at scan a type A-(A negative) recipient safely receive during a transfusion? Select All that Apply
AB-
A+
O
AB+
A-
O+
Correct Answer : C,E
Rationale:
A. AB- blood contains both A and B antigens on the red blood cells. A recipient with blood type A- has anti-B antibodies in their plasma. If AB- blood is transfused, the recipient’s immune system will recognize the B antigens as foreign, leading to a potentially dangerous hemolytic reaction.
B. While A+ blood has the A antigen that matches the recipient’s ABO type, it is Rh-positive, and the recipient is Rh-negative (A-). Transfusing Rh-positive blood to an Rh-negative individual can trigger alloimmunization, where the immune system develops antibodies against the Rh factor. This is especially concerning in women of childbearing age, as it may affect future pregnancies, and it can also cause hemolytic transfusion reactions.
C. O- blood has no A or B antigens and is Rh-negative, making it the universal donor for red blood cells. An A- recipient will not react immunologically to O- red blood cells because there are no antigens to trigger an antibody response. O- blood is safe for emergency transfusions when a perfectly matched unit is unavailable.
D. AB+ blood contains A and B antigens as well as Rh-positive antigen. Transfusing AB+ to an A- recipient is incompatible because the B antigens would trigger anti-B antibodies and the Rh-positive factor could cause alloimmunization, making this combination unsafe.
E. A- blood is both ABO compatible (A antigen matches) and Rh compatible (negative). This is the ideal match for an A- recipient because it eliminates the risk of immune-mediated hemolysis and ensures safe transfusion.
F. Although O blood lacks A and B antigens, O+ blood contains the Rh D antigen, which is incompatible with an Rh-negative recipient. Transfusing O+ blood to an A- recipient could trigger alloimmunization or hemolytic reaction, so it is unsafe.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Rationale:
The client’s symptoms of petechiae, easy bruising, fatigue, and increased menstrual bleeding are classic findings of thrombocytopenia, particularly immune thrombocytopenia, which involves immune-mediated platelet destruction. The absence of abnormal vital signs supports a hematologic disorder rather than an acute infectious or shock state.
Initiating bleeding precautions is essential because low platelet levels significantly increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding. Administering immunoglobulins helps reduce platelet destruction by modulating the immune response and is a standard treatment for immune thrombocytopenia.
Monitoring platelet counts provides a direct measure of disease severity and response to therapy. Observing for signs of bruising or bleeding helps evaluate clinical progression and detect complications early, ensuring timely intervention.
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is a manifestation of ongoing bleeding due to low platelet counts. While mild bleeding may be expected in ITP, its presence does not indicate improvement. Clinicians monitor for a reduction or cessation of bleeding episodes as a sign of recovery.
B. Iron levels are not a primary measure of ITP improvement. Although chronic bleeding in ITP can eventually lead to iron deficiency, a change in iron does not reflect platelet recovery or improved hemostasis. Monitoring iron may be part of supportive care but is not an indicator of treatment success.
C. Platelet count is the most objective measure of recovery in ITP. Normal platelet levels indicate that the immune-mediated destruction of platelets has diminished or that treatment has successfully stimulated platelet production. Achieving a count above 150,000/mm³ signifies a return to effective hemostasis, reducing the risk of spontaneous bleeding.
D. Petechiae are small, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin caused by low platelet counts. A decrease in petechiae is a visible, clinical sign that bleeding tendencies are resolving and indicates improved platelet function. This complements laboratory monitoring by providing a real-time, observable measure of patient improvement.
E. Persistent bruising reflects ongoing thrombocytopenia and bleeding risk. If bruising does not improve, it suggests that treatment has not yet been effective, and further evaluation or therapy adjustments may be necessary.
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