Which of the following is a symptom of left ventricular failure?
Peripheral edema
Jugular venous distention
Pulmonary congestion
Hepatomegaly
The Correct Answer is C
A. Peripheral edema:
Peripheral edema is a hallmark of right ventricular failure, resulting from systemic venous congestion. While left ventricular failure may eventually lead to right-sided symptoms if chronic, it is not the initial manifestation.
B. Jugular venous distention:
Jugular venous distention indicates right-sided heart congestion due to elevated venous pressure, not left ventricular failure.
C. Pulmonary congestion:
Left ventricular failure causes fluid backup in the pulmonary circulation, leading to pulmonary edema, dyspnea, orthopnea, and crackles on auscultation. This occurs because the left ventricle cannot efficiently pump blood to the systemic circulation, raising pulmonary venous pressure.
D. Hepatomegaly:
Hepatomegaly occurs with right-sided heart failure, as venous congestion affects the liver. It is not a primary symptom of left ventricular dysfunction.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. They are responsible for the contraction of the heart muscle:
Contraction is a function of the myocardium, not the arteries. Coronary arteries provide oxygen and nutrients, enabling contraction but do not generate force themselves.
B. They carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart muscle:
Coronary veins, not arteries, drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the coronary sinus.
C. They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle:
Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium, ensuring the heart has the energy and oxygen needed for continuous contraction. Occlusion of these arteries can lead to myocardial infarction.
D. They regulate the heart's electrical impulses:
Electrical impulses are conducted via the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers, not the coronary arteries.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Baroreceptor reflex:
Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch detect sudden changes in blood pressure due to posture changes. They initiate autonomic responses, increasing heart rate and vasoconstriction to maintain cerebral perfusion, preventing dizziness or syncope.
B. Chemoreceptor reflex:
Chemoreceptors respond to blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH, regulating ventilation more than immediate blood pressure changes.
C. Release of antidiuretic hormone:
ADH acts more slowly to conserve water and increase blood volume; it is not responsible for immediate posture-related blood pressure changes.
D. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system:
RAAS regulates blood pressure over minutes to hours via vasoconstriction and fluid retention; it does not act immediately during rapid postural changes.
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