Which process moves substances against a concentration gradient?
Osmosis
Active transport
Diffusion
Filtration
The Correct Answer is B
A. Osmosis: Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient.
B. Active transport: Active transport uses cellular energy (usually ATP) to move substances across membranes against their concentration gradients.
C. Diffusion: Diffusion is the passive movement of solutes down their concentration gradient, not against it.
D. Filtration: Filtration is movement of fluid and solutes driven by pressure differences (e.g., blood pressure) and is not specifically transport against a concentration gradient
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ionic: Ionic bonds form when one atom donates electrons and another accepts them, producing oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
B. Covalent: Covalent bonds involve sharing pairs of electrons between atoms rather than full donation/acceptance.
C. Peptide: A peptide bond is a specific covalent linkage between amino acids (amide bond), formed by sharing electrons in a covalent framework.
D. Hydrogen: Hydrogen bonds are weak electrostatic attractions between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom, not electron transfer.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates (especially glucose) are the primary and most readily used fuel for many cellular processes.
B. Protein: Proteins can be used for energy in starvation or specific metabolic states, but their main roles are structural and functional (enzymes, transport, signalling).
C. Lipid: Lipids are dense energy stores and important in membranes, but carbohydrates are typically the main immediate energy source.
D. Nucleic acid: Nucleic acids store genetic information and are not a principal energy source for routine cellular metabolism.
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