Which statement about exercise and diabetes indicates a need for further teaching?
Exercise increases blood sugar levels
Exercise can help lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity
You should avoid exercise if you have diabetes
Exercise has no impact on diabetes control
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Exercise typically lowers blood sugar in diabetes by increasing muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, not raising it. This misconception suggests a lack of understanding of exercise physiology, as muscles use glucose during activity, reducing circulating levels, necessitating education to ensure safe management.
Choice B reason: Exercise lowers blood sugar and improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose transporter (GLUT4) activity in muscles, facilitating glucose uptake without insulin. This is accurate and beneficial for diabetes control, reducing hyperglycemia risk and improving long-term glycemic control, reflecting correct patient understanding.
Choice C reason: Avoiding exercise is incorrect, as regular physical activity is recommended for diabetes management. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular health, and glucose control. This statement indicates a misunderstanding, but it is less immediately dangerous than believing exercise raises blood sugar, which could lead to mismanagement.
Choice D reason: Exercise significantly impacts diabetes control by lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. This statement is incorrect, as it underestimates exercise’s role in enhancing glucose uptake and reducing cardiovascular risks, but it is less critical than believing exercise raises blood sugar, which could cause harmful decisions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A blood glucose of 750 mg/dL indicates severe hyperglycemia, potentially diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), both life-threatening. Notifying the RN and provider ensures rapid intervention, such as IV insulin and fluids, to correct glucose, acidosis, and dehydration, preventing multi-organ failure or coma.
Choice B reason: Verifying diabetes type is important but not the priority with a glucose of 750 mg/dL. Both type 1 (DKA risk) and type 2 (HHS risk) require urgent treatment for severe hyperglycemia. Delaying action for record review risks worsening metabolic decompensation, making this less urgent.
Choice C reason: Administering sliding scale insulin without provider guidance is unsafe for severe hyperglycemia (750 mg/dL), as it may be insufficient for DKA or HHS. IV insulin and fluid therapy are typically required, and acting independently risks inadequate treatment, delaying critical care and worsening patient outcomes.
Choice D reason: Assessing vital signs is useful but not the priority. Severe hyperglycemia requires immediate medical intervention to correct metabolic derangements. Vital signs may indicate shock or dehydration, but notifying the provider ensures comprehensive management, including diagnostics and treatment, addressing the root cause more effectively.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Yellow discoloration of the skin indicates jaundice, caused by elevated bilirubin due to impaired liver function in cirrhosis. It is a common finding but not caput medusae, which specifically refers to vascular changes around the umbilicus due to portal hypertension, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Swollen lymph nodes are not associated with caput medusae. Lymphadenopathy may occur in infections or malignancies but not as a direct result of cirrhosis. Caput medusae involves dilated veins, not lymph nodes, caused by portal hypertension shunting blood to superficial veins.
Choice C reason: Caput medusae is the presence of distended, tortuous veins around the umbilicus, resulting from portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Increased portal vein pressure forces blood into collateral veins, creating a radiating pattern resembling a jellyfish head, making this the accurate description of the finding.
Choice D reason: Dark tarry stools (melena) indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, often from esophageal varices in cirrhosis due to portal hypertension. While a serious finding, it is unrelated to caput medusae, which is a visible vascular phenomenon on the abdomen, not a gastrointestinal symptom.
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