Which statement best describes an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons
Atoms with different atomic numbers but the same mass number
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
The Correct Answer is A
A. Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons: Isotopes are variants of the same element that have identical numbers of protons (same atomic number) but differ in neutron count, resulting in different mass numbers while retaining chemical properties.
B. Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons: This describes different elements that may have similar mass but are chemically distinct due to differing proton numbers.
C. Atoms with different atomic numbers but the same mass number: Atoms with different atomic numbers are different elements, and having the same mass number does not make them isotopes; these are called isobars.
D. Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures: This describes isomers, which are compounds, not isotopes, and refers to chemical structure variation rather than nuclear composition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To filter blood and form urine: The kidneys filter blood to remove metabolic wastes, excess electrolytes, and water, producing urine. They also play a key role in regulating blood volume, blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body.
B. To produce bile: Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that emulsifies fats in the small intestine. The kidneys do not participate in digestion or bile production but focus on waste elimination and homeostasis.
C. To regulate heart rate: Heart rate is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node in the heart. The kidneys can indirectly influence heart rate through blood pressure regulation, but they do not directly control cardiac rhythm.
D. To digest food: Digestion involves the breakdown of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract through mechanical and chemical processes. The kidneys are involved in filtration, excretion, and homeostasis rather than digestion.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Thyroid hormone: Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism, growth, and development but has only a minor role in calcium homeostasis compared to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
B. Insulin: Insulin controls blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose and promoting glycogen synthesis. It does not significantly affect calcium levels in the blood.
C. Adrenaline: Adrenaline, produced by the adrenal medulla, mediates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, without direct regulation of calcium levels.
D. Parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone, secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium release from bones, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys.
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