Which symptom is considered a first-trimester warning sign and should be reported immediately by the pregnant woman to her health care provider?
Fatigue.
Urinary frequency.
Vaginal bleeding.
Nausea with occasional vomiting.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Fatigue is an extremely common, non-specific symptom experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy, largely attributed to increased levels of progesterone and the intense metabolic demands of early fetal development. While bothersome, it is not considered a warning sign requiring immediate reporting to the health care provider unless it is debilitating or accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Urinary frequency is a expected physiological change in the first trimester, resulting from increased circulating fluid volume and pressure on the bladder from the growing uterus, before the uterus rises into the abdominal cavity. This symptom is generally benign and does not signal a complication unless accompanied by signs of a urinary tract infection like pain or fever.
Choice C rationale
Vaginal bleeding during any point in pregnancy is a critical warning sign that requires immediate evaluation by a health care provider. In the first trimester, it may indicate a threatened or inevitable spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or other serious placental or uterine complications that pose a risk to the pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Nausea with occasional vomiting, commonly known as morning sickness, affects a majority of pregnant women and is a normal, expected finding in the first trimester due to hormonal changes, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen. Only severe, relentless vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) is an urgent concern.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While adequate hydration is absolutely crucial during pregnancy, especially with exercise, focusing solely on "several glasses of fluid" is incomplete. The most critical nutrient to replace during aerobic exercise, like tennis, is readily available glucose from carbohydrates to prevent maternal hypoglycemia, which can harm the fetus and trigger ketosis. Fluids are vital but D addresses the immediate energy need.
Choice B rationale
Replacing sodium via salty foods is generally not necessary during moderate exercise and normal fluid intake. Excessive sodium could exacerbate dependent edema, which is common in late pregnancy, and potentially increase blood pressure in a susceptible woman. Plain water or sports drinks with small amounts of electrolytes are preferred for fluid balance.
Choice C rationale
Protein is essential for tissue growth and repair, but it is not the immediate energy source needed to fuel the high energy demands of exercise. The body relies primarily on stored glycogen and circulating glucose (carbohydrates) during physical activity; utilizing protein for energy, known as gluconeogenesis, is an inefficient and less desirable process.
Choice D rationale
Easily digested sources of carbohydrate, such as fruit or energy bars, are the most important nutritional intake before and during exercise. The metabolic demands of the fetus and physical activity increase the mother's need for glucose; consuming carbohydrates prevents maternal hypoglycemia and subsequent ketosis, which is a harmful metabolic state for the fetus.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice C.
Step 1 is: Subtract 3 months from the month of the last menstrual period (LMP) and add 7 days to the day of the LMP.
Step 2 is: The LMP month is 10 (October). Subtract 3 months: 10 minus 3 equals 7 (July).
Step 3 is: The LMP day is 14. Add 7 days: 14 plus 7 equals 21.
Step 4 is: Naegele's rule also requires adjusting the year forward by one year because the calculation crosses the calendar year boundary, which is 2023 plus 1 equals 2024.
Step 5 is: The estimated due date (EDD) is July 21, 2024.
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