Which two hormones are released by the adrenal medulla during a fight or flight response?

a. Activation of plasmin: Plasmin is involved in breaking down blood clots, not in their formation. It is part of the fibrinolytic system.

b. Activation of heparin: Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents clotting; it is not required for blood clotting.

c. Adequate levels of potassium: Potassium is important for cellular function but does not play a direct role in blood clotting.

d. Adequate levels of calcium: Calcium ions are essential for various steps in the blood clotting cascade, including the activation of certain clotting factors.

a. Secretes fluid to reduce friction between layers: This is correct. The pleural membranes secrete pleural fluid, which reduces friction between the visceral and parietal layers during breathing.

b. Secretes a substance that reduces surface tension of alveoli: This describes the function of surfactant, which is secreted by alveolar cells, not pleural membranes.

c. Secretes a substance to keep epithelial cells wet: This is a general description that doesn't specifically apply to pleural membranes.

d. Secretes fluid involved in protection from infections: While pleural fluid may have some protective roles, its primary function is to reduce friction, not directly to protect from infections.