Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion in the human body?
Pivot joint
Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Hinge joint
The Correct Answer is C
A. Pivot joint: Pivot joints permit rotational movement around a single axis (for example the atlantoaxial joint) but have limited overall range compared with multiaxial joints.
B. Saddle joint: Saddle joints allow biaxial movement (for example the thumb carpometacarpal joint) and provide greater motion than a hinge but less than multiaxial joints.
C. Ball-and-socket joint: Ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulder and hip) allow multiaxial movement including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation, providing the greatest range of motion.
D. Hinge joint: Hinge joints permit movement primarily in one plane (flexion and extension), giving a more limited range compared with ball-and-socket joints.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A cavity within a bone:A cavity within a bone (for example the medullary cavity) is not the definition of a joint.
B. A point where two bones fuse permanently:A permanent fusion of bones is called a synostosis and is not the general definition of a joint.
C. A site where two or more bones meet:A joint (articulation) is the site where two or more bones meet and permit varying degrees of movement.
D. The connection between muscle and bone:The connection between muscle and bone is a tendon, not a joint.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Thyroxine:Thyroxine (T4) influences metabolic rate and can affect bone turnover but is not the primary hormone that raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts.
B. Calcitonin:Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
C. Growth hormone:Growth hormone stimulates overall growth and has indirect effects on bone growth via IGF-1, but it is not the principal hormone that raises blood calcium via osteoclast stimulation.
D. Parathyroid hormone:Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium concentration by stimulating osteoclast activity (indirectly via osteoblast signaling), increasing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting activation of vitamin D.
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