Surgical Methods

A.    Female Sterilization (BTL)
Female sterilization, also known as Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL), is the severance and/or blocking of the fallopian tubes, leading to permanent and immediate contraception.

It is normally done within 24-48 hours of birthing and does not affect sex.

Research shows that BTL can decrease the incidence of ovarian cancer.

However, surgical complications can occur, and the procedure is irreversible, leading to the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

B.    Male Sterilization (Vasectomy)
Male sterilization, also known as vasectomy, involves the ligation and severance of the vas deferens, leading to a permanent and immediate reduction in fertility.
Scrotal support and moderate activities for a couple of days are recommended after the procedure, and sterility is delayed for approximately 20 ejaculations.

Follow-up for sperm count is required to confirm sterility.

It is possible to reverse vasectomy, but it is a complicated, expensive, and not always successful procedure.

Vasectomy is a safe and simple procedure with rare complications such as bleeding, infection, anesthesia reaction, hematoma at the site, kidney stones, or chronic pain.

Accumulated sperm can cause granulomas, but a vasectomy does not affect sex.