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Hypoglycemia

  • Definition: Blood glucose level less than 40 mg/dL in a newborn
  • Causes: Maternal diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), prematurity, birth asphyxia, cold stress, sepsis
  • Signs and symptoms: Jitteriness, tremors, lethargy, poor feeding, hypotonia (low muscle tone), weak cry, apnea (cessation of breathing), cyanosis (bluish skin color), seizures
  • Assessment: Perform heel stick blood glucose test using a glucometer; confirm with laboratory plasma glucose test if abnormal; monitor vital signs and neurological status; observe for signs of hypoglycemia
  • Nursing interventions: Feed the baby as soon as possible after birth (breast milk or formula); if unable to feed orally or blood glucose level is very low (<25 mg/dL), administer intravenous (IV) dextrose solution as ordered; maintain thermoregulation by keeping the baby warm and dry; monitor blood glucose levels frequently until stable; educate parents on signs of hypoglycemia and how to feed the baby

Questions on Hypoglycemia

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

<p>Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia and is not indicated for the management of postpartum hemorrhage.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The iron intake needs to increase by more than 10 mg per day while pregnant.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

<p>This is wrong because a positive hCG test is a probable sign of pregnancy, not a positive one. A probable sign of pregnancy is strongly suggestive of pregnancy but could have other causes. A positive hCG test could be caused by medications, tumors, or other conditions that affect the level of hCG in the blood or urine.</p> <p>Some other probable signs of pregnancy are uterine enlargement, Hegar&rsquo;s sign (softening of the lower uterine segment), Goodell&rsquo;s sign (softening of the cervix), Chadwick&rsquo;s sign (bluish discoloration of the cervix), ballottement (rebound of the fetus when tapped by the examiner&rsquo;s finger), Braxton Hicks contractions (painless, irregular uterine contractions), and a positive pregnancy test.</p> <p>Some other positive signs of pregnancy are the identification of fetal heartbeat, visualization of the fetus by ultrasound or x-ray, and verification of fetal movement by an experienced clinician.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

increased prolactin levels are not related to hCG levels in pregnancy. Prolactin is another hormone that stimulates milk production in the breasts.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Hypothyroidism is not related to maternal diabetes or prematurity. Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as lethargy, poor feeding, jaundice, and hypotonia.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A heel warmer does not prevent bruising. Bruising prevention requires applying pressure to the puncture site after collecting the sample.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

<p>Padding the side rails with pillows helps prevent injury if the child inadvertently strikes the side rails during the seizure. It is a safety measure to protect the patient from harm.</p>

<p>Potassium is a major electrolyte that is affected by DKA. Potassium levels can be high or low in DKA depending on several factors such as insulin therapy, fluid replacement, renal function and acid-base status. High or low potassium levels can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, paralysis

<p>This is correct because family medical history provides information about the patient&rsquo;s genetic risk for certain diseases and conditions that may affect their current or future health.</p>

<p><strong>Ensuring the client has adequate lighting in the room is important for preventing falls, but it is not the most critical intervention. The client&#39;s ability to seek assistance when needed is more crucial.</strong></p>

Decreased glucose consumption would also protect against hypoglycemia, not cause it. Glucose consumption is the rate at which cells use glucose for energy production. If glucose consumption is low, blood glucose level would be high.

Hypocalcemia is a condition where the calcium level in the blood is too low, which can affect the nerve and muscle function and cause symptoms such as twitching, spasms, and tetany. Hypocalcemia can also cause seizures in newborns, but it is less common than hypoglycemia.

Hypertonia is wrong because it is not a sign of hypoglycemia in a newborn baby. Hypertonia is increased muscle tone or stiffness that can be caused by brain damage, nerve damage, or genetic disorders. Hypoglycemia can cause weak or floppy muscles (poor muscle tone), not increased muscle tone.
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