Summary (Umbilical cord prolapse)

• Cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency that requires prompt recognition and intervention.
• It occurs when the umbilical cord descends into the vagina ahead of the fetal presenting part, causing compression and reduced blood flow.
• It is more common in non vertex presentations, unengaged presenting parts, prematurity, polyhydramnios, multiple gestations, unstable lie, and congenital anomalies.
• It presents with fetal bradycardia with decelerations, palpable or visible cord in vagina, and maternal sensation of cord.
• The nursing management includes notifying physician, preparing for cesarean section, relieving cord compression by manual elevation or maternal position change, applying warm saline compress to exposed cord, administering oxygen and IV fluids as ordered, monitoring maternal and fetal status, and providing emotional support.
• The complications include fetal hypoxia, acidosis, neurological damage, or death. The prognosis depends on various factors such as duration of compression, gestational age, and mode and speed of delivery.