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Techniques of Peripheral and Central Vascular Access

A peripheral venous access:

  • Is placed into a peripheral vein in order to administer medication or fluids.

  • Cephalic, basilic, median, humeral and femoral vein.


 

Central venous access:

  • Inserted in a central vein

  • Usually internal jugular vein of the neck or the subclavian vein of the chest.

  1. Common Complications of Intravenous Fluid Infusion Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis:

  • Occur more frequently.

  • Phlebitis is inflammation of the vein.

  • Thrombophlebitis is inflammation associated with a thrombus.

  1. Infiltration:

  • Infusion of fluid and/or medication outside the intravascular space, into the surrounding soft tissue.

  • Swelling of the soft tissue surrounding the IV, the skin feels cool, firm and pale.

  1. Extravasation

  • The leaking of solution or vesicant drugs(antineoplastics) into surrounding tissue.

  • Cause severe local tissue damage.

  • Result in:

  1. Delayed healing

  2. Infection

  3. Tissue necrosis

  4. Deformity

  5. Loss of function

  6. Amputation.

Questions on Techniques of Peripheral and Central Vascular Access

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>Thrombophlebitis. This is when a blood clot forms in the vein, causing inflammation and obstruction. This can cause pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and a palpable cord along the vein. However, this is more likely to occur in larger veins such as the femoral or saphenous veins, not in the cephalic vein.</p>

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

<p>Correct. Changing the dressing and tubing according to facility protocol is another important action for the nurse to take to maintain the patency and integrity of the CVAD and prevent complications. The dressing should be changed every 5 to 7 days or more frequently if it becomes loose, wet, or soiled. The tubing should be changed every 72 to 96 hours or per manufacturer&#39;s recommendations.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This is incorrect because difficulty moving the arm is more likely to indicate nerve damage or compartment syndrome, which are serious complications of IV therapy, rather than infiltration.</p>

<p>Hypotension and tachycardia are not specific signs of extravasation, but rather of shock or hemorrhage. The nurse should monitor the client&#39;s vital signs and report any abnormal findings to the primary health care provider.</p>

<p>Hypertension is not a risk factor for thrombophlebitis, although it can increase the risk of other cardiovascular problems, such as stroke and heart failure. Hypertension can increase the pressure and stress on the arterial walls, but this does not affect the venous system where thrombophlebitis
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