Video Library
Causes and risk factors
Causes and risk factors ( 9 Questions)
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and has a history of female genital mutilation (FGM).
The nurse should be aware that FGM can increase the risk of which of the following complications?
hemorrhage is not the only complication of FGM.Hemorrhage can occur due to severe bleeding during or after the procedure, or during childbirth when the scar tissue is torn.
infection is not the only complication of FGM.Infection can occur due to unsterile instruments, wound healing problems, urine retention, or transmission of diseases such as tetanus or HIV.
obstructed labor is not the only complication of FGM.Obstructed labor can occur due to the narrowing of the vaginal opening, which impedes the passage of the baby and increases the risk of fetal distress, perineal tears, episiotomy, and cesarean section.
FGM can increase the risk of hemorrhage, infection, and obstructed labor due to the damage and scarring of the female genital organs.
All of the above. FGM can increase the risk of hemorrhage, infection, and obstructed labor due to the damage and scarring of the female genital organs.
Normal ranges for some relevant indicators are:
• Blood loss during vaginal delivery: less than 500 ml
• Blood loss during cesarean section: less than 1000 ml
• Duration of first stage of labor: 12 to 19 hours for nulliparous women; 10 to 14 hours for multiparous women
• Duration of second stage of labor: up to 3 hours for nulliparous women; up to 2 hours for multiparous women
