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Chemoprotective Agents and Bone Marrow Stimulants
Chemoprotective Agents and Bone Marrow Stimulants ( 5 Questions)
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, as part of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. The nurse should administer mesna, a chemoprotective agent, to the client to prevent which of the following adverse effects of cyclophosphamide?
Cardiotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands and prevents cell division. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat ovarian cancer, a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive organs. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Hemorrhagic cystitis is inflammation and bleeding of the bladder, which can lead to infection, obstruction, and renal failure. Hemorrhagic cystitis is caused by the metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, which irritates the bladder lining. The nurse should administer mesna, a chemoprotective agent, to the client to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna binds to acrolein and inactivates it, preventing it from damaging the bladder. The nurse should also encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids and void frequently to flush out the drug and its metabolites.
Nephrotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Nephrotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as cisplatin and methotrexate, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Neurotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Neurotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as vincristine and paclitaxel, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Choice A reason:
Cardiotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA strands and prevents cell division. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat ovarian cancer, a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive organs. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as anthracyclines and trastuzumab, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Choice B reason:
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Hemorrhagic cystitis is inflammation and bleeding of the bladder, which can lead to infection, obstruction, and renal failure. Hemorrhagic cystitis is caused by the metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, which irritates the bladder lining. The nurse should administer mesna, a chemoprotective agent, to the client to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna binds to acrolein and inactivates it, preventing it from damaging the bladder. The nurse should also encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids and void frequently to flush out the drug and its metabolites.
Choice C reason:
Nephrotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Nephrotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as cisplatin and methotrexate, which are used to treat other types of cancer.
Choice D reason:
Neurotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that is used to treat ovarian cancer. Neurotoxicity may be caused by other drugs, such as vincristine and paclitaxel, which are used to treat other types of cancer.