Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?.

The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The thoracic cavity also contains the heart, aorta, trachea, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

Choice A is wrong because the ventral cavity is a general term for the body cavity that includes the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Choice B is wrong because the abdominal cavity is the space below the diaphragm that contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Choice D is wrong because the dorsal cavity is another general term for the body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

Vena cava. The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the body to the heart. It has two branches: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which drain blood from the upper and lower half of the body respectively.

Choice A is wrong because the jugular vein is a vein that drains blood from the head and neck.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice C is wrong because the hepatic vein is a vein that drains blood from the liver.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice D is wrong because the femoral vein is a vein that runs along the thigh and drains blood from the lower limb.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

The left lung lies superior to the diaphragm and left of the mediastinum, which is the space between the lungs that contains the heart and other structures. The left lung is also smaller than the right lung because of the cardiac notch, which accommodates the heart.

Choice A is wrong because the spleen is an abdominal organ that lies inferior to the diaphragm and left of the stomach.

Choice C is wrong because the stomach is also an abdominal organ that lies inferior to the diaphragm and left of the spleen.

Choice D is wrong because the left kidney is another abdominal organ that lies inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the spleen.

Sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy substance called sebum into the hair follicles or onto the skin surface.

Sebum lubricates and protects the skin and hair from drying out and from infections caused by bacteria or fungi. Sebum also contributes to body odour.

A. To secrete cerumen or earwax. This statement is wrong because cerumen is produced by specialized sweat glands in the ear canal, not by sebaceous glands. B. To produce hair growth.

This statement is wrong because hair growth is determined by the activity of hair follicles, not by sebaceous glands. Sebaceous glands only deposit sebum on the hairs and bring it to the skin's surface.

D. To excrete perspiration or sweat.

This statement is wrong because perspiration is produced by sweat glands, not by sebaceous glands. Sweat glands are different from sebaceous glands in their structure, location and function. Sweat glands help regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products through the skin.