The malleus, incus, and stapes are located in which part of the body?

Vena cava. The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the body to the heart. It has two branches: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which drain blood from the upper and lower half of the body respectively.

Choice A is wrong because the jugular vein is a vein that drains blood from the head and neck.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice C is wrong because the hepatic vein is a vein that drains blood from the liver.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice D is wrong because the femoral vein is a vein that runs along the thigh and drains blood from the lower limb.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Absorption of calcium from the digestive tract. This is because vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone density and healthy bone growth, and it stimulates calcium and phosphate uptake from the food we eat. Vitamin D is produced when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun, which convert a precursor molecule in the skin to an active form that travels to the liver and kidneys.

Choice A is wrong because elimination of toxins from the blood is not related to vitamin D, but to the kidneys and liver functions.

Choice B is wrong because increase in red blood cell production is not related to vitamin D, but to erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys.

Choice D is wrong because conservation of water in the plasma is not related to vitamin D, but to antidiuretic hormone, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland.

The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The thoracic cavity also contains the heart, aorta, trachea, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

Choice A is wrong because the ventral cavity is a general term for the body cavity that includes the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Choice B is wrong because the abdominal cavity is the space below the diaphragm that contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Choice D is wrong because the dorsal cavity is another general term for the body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

Diaphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The distal region of the humerus is the lower area of the humerus that is closest to the elbow.

Therefore, a fracture in the distal region of the humerus would affect the diaphysis.

Choice A is wrong because epiphysis is the wider section at each end of the bone that is filled with spongy bone.

The epiphysis is not part of the shaft of the bone.

Choice B is wrong because endosteum is the delicate membranous lining of the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur.

The endosteum is not a region of the bone, but a tissue that lines the inner surface.

Choice C is wrong because perichondrium is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.

The perichondrium is not a part of the bone itself, but a covering that helps with nourishment and growth.