The oesophagus is located in which body cavity?

Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, such as the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH level.

Chemoreceptors can be classified into two types: peripheral and central. Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and they mainly respond to low PO2, but also to high PCO2 and low pH. Central chemoreceptors are located in the brainstem and they mainly respond to high PCO2 and low pH, which reflect the concentration of hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid. Both types of chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory and cardiovascular centers in the brainstem, which regulate breathing and blood pressure accordingly.

Pulmonary congestion. This statement is wrong because pulmonary congestion is not directly sensed by chemoreceptors, but by pulmonary stretch receptors, which are different types of sensory receptors located in the lungs

Pulmonary vein. This is because the pulmonary vein is the only vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The blood then enters the left atrium of the heart and then the left ventricle.

Choice B. Inferior vena cava is wrong because it carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart.

Choice C. Aorta is wrong because it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

Choice D. Pulmonary artery is wrong because it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

Carotid artery.

The carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck. It can be felt as a pulse on either side of the neck, just below the jawline.

Choice A is wrong because the subclavian artery is located below the clavicle (collarbone) and cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.

Choice C is wrong because the brachiocephalic artery is a large vessel that branches into the right subclavian and right carotid arteries. It is located deep in the chest and cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.

Choice D is wrong because the basilar artery is a vessel that forms at the base of the brain from the union of the two vertebral arteries. It cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.

The normal range for pulse rate in adults is 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Vastus lateralis. This is because the vastus lateralis is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group, along with the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

These muscles are located in the anterior and lateral sides of the thigh and are responsible for extending the knee and flexing the hip.

Choice A. Gastrocnemius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the posterior leg that plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee.

Choice B. Trapezius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the back and neck that elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

Choice D. Rectus abdominis is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that flexes the trunk and compresses the abdomen.