The oesophagus is located in which body cavity?

Vena cava. The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the body to the heart. It has two branches: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which drain blood from the upper and lower half of the body respectively.

Choice A is wrong because the jugular vein is a vein that drains blood from the head and neck.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice C is wrong because the hepatic vein is a vein that drains blood from the liver.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

Choice D is wrong because the femoral vein is a vein that runs along the thigh and drains blood from the lower limb.

It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.

The epiphyseal plate is the region of bone elongation that consists of hyaline cartilage and allows the bone to grow in length. If the fracture occurs in this area, it can damage the growth plate and affect the future growth of the bone.

Choice A) Diaphysis is wrong because it is the shaft of the bone that contains the medullary cavity and does not contribute to bone growth.

Choice B) Articular cartilage is wrong because it is the thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of bones and reduces friction in joints.

It does not affect bone growth.

Choice D) Medullary cavity is wrong because it is the hollow space within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow.

It does not affect bone growth.

Normal ranges for bone growth vary depending on age, sex, and genetics. Generally, boys have a longer growth period than girls and reach their peak height around 18 years old, while girls reach their peak height around 16 years old. The average adult height for males is 69 inches and for females is 64 inches.

The pituitary gland is commonly known as the “master gland” because it controls the hormone production of other glands. It secretes nine hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress response and more.

Choice B. Endocrine is wrong because endocrine is not a specific gland, but a system of glands that produce hormones.

Choice C. Thyroid is wrong because thyroid is a gland that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development.

It does not control other glands.

Choice D. Liver is wrong because liver is not an endocrine gland, but an organ that performs many functions such as digestion, detoxification and blood clotting.

It does not produce hormones that regulate other glands.

Normal ranges for pituitary hormones vary depending on the type of hormone, age, sex and other factors.

For example, the normal range for growth hormone in adults is 0.4 to 10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), while the normal range for prolactin in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is 4 to 23 ng/mL.

The tibialis anterior muscle is located in the lower leg, on the lateral side of the tibia.

It originates from the lateral condyle and surface of the tibia and the interosseous membrane, and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot.

Choice A is wrong because the upper arm does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The upper arm contains muscles such as biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachialis.

Choice C is wrong because the thigh does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The thigh contains muscles such as quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductors.

Choice D is wrong because the abdomen does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The abdomen contains muscles such as rectus abdominis, obliques, and transversus abdominis.