What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the solution outside the cell has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm inside the cell. As a result, water molecules move out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink or shrivel due to loss of turgor pressure. In a hypertonic environment, the osmotic pressure of the solution exceeds that of the cytoplasm, leading to a net movement of water molecules from inside the cell to the surrounding solution. This results in dehydration of the cell and a decrease in cell volume. Plant cells rely on turgor pressure, generated by the influx of water into the cell, to maintain their structural integrity and support. When placed in a hypertonic environment, the loss of water causes the cell membrane to detach from the cell wall, leading to wilting and potential damage to the cell. Therefore, a plant cell that shrinks from water loss when placed in a solution is experiencing a hypertonic environment.

The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against infectious agents, foreign substances, and abnormal cells. It consists of a complex network of organs, tissues, cells, and molecules that work together to identify, neutralize, and eliminate pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) and other harmful invaders. The immune system provides both immediate and slower responses tailored to specific infecting agents. Immediate responses, such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and the release of antimicrobial proteins (e.g., interferons), serve to contain and eliminate pathogens rapidly upon their entry into the body. Slower responses, involving adaptive immunity, take several days to develop but provide long-term protection against specific pathogens. Adaptive immunity involves the activation of lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) and the production of antibodies (humoral immunity) or the activation of cytotoxic T cells (cell-mediated immunity) to target and destroy pathogens. The immune system has memory, allowing it to recognize and mount a more rapid and robust response upon re-exposure to previously encountered pathogens. Dysfunction or dysregulation of the immune system can lead to immunodeficiency (increased susceptibility to infections) or autoimmunity (immune reactions against self-antigens), contributing to various diseases and disorders.

Uracil is a nitrogenous base that is unique to RNA (ribonucleic acid) and is not found in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In RNA, uracil pairs with adenine through complementary base pairing during transcription, which is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA. In DNA, thymine pairs with adenine, while cytosine pairs with guanine. RNA plays various roles in the cell, including serving as a messenger molecule (mRNA) that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis, as well as functioning in other types of RNA such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) involved in translation and protein synthesis.

Animal cells are eukaryotic cells, characterized by the presence of a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane-bound nuclear envelope. Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, which perform specialized functions within the cell. These organelles compartmentalize cellular processes, allowing for greater efficiency and specialization of cellular functions. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells, which lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Animal cells are found in organisms belonging to the kingdom Animalia and are essential building blocks of tissues and organs in multicellular animals. They play diverse roles in processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and cellular communication.