What is the function of the sebaceous gland?

Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced by the posterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases just two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).

Choice A is wrong because estrogen is not produced by the posterior pituitary gland, but by the ovaries.

Choice B is wrong because luteinizing hormone (LH) is not produced by the posterior pituitary gland, but by the anterior pituitary gland.

Choice D is wrong because follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is not produced by the posterior pituitary gland, but by the anterior pituitary gland.

Oxytocin has several functions in the body, such as facilitating uterine contractions during labor, allowing for milk let-down during breastfeeding, promoting social bonding, and moderating testosterone levels. ADH helps regulate the water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb while they’re filtering wastes out of the blood.

The epiphyseal plate is the region of bone elongation that consists of hyaline cartilage and allows the bone to grow in length. If the fracture occurs in this area, it can damage the growth plate and affect the future growth of the bone.

Choice A) Diaphysis is wrong because it is the shaft of the bone that contains the medullary cavity and does not contribute to bone growth.

Choice B) Articular cartilage is wrong because it is the thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of bones and reduces friction in joints.

It does not affect bone growth.

Choice D) Medullary cavity is wrong because it is the hollow space within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow.

It does not affect bone growth.

Normal ranges for bone growth vary depending on age, sex, and genetics. Generally, boys have a longer growth period than girls and reach their peak height around 18 years old, while girls reach their peak height around 16 years old. The average adult height for males is 69 inches and for females is 64 inches.

Testosterone is an androgen, a type of sex hormone responsible for developing male characteristics, such as pubic and axillary hair, deepening of the voice, growth of the penis, and sperm production. Testosterone is produced by the testes in males and the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.

Choice A is wrong because oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Choice B is wrong because progesterone is a hormone that prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Choice C is wrong because prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, such as the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH level.

Chemoreceptors can be classified into two types: peripheral and central. Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and they mainly respond to low PO2, but also to high PCO2 and low pH. Central chemoreceptors are located in the brainstem and they mainly respond to high PCO2 and low pH, which reflect the concentration of hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid. Both types of chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory and cardiovascular centers in the brainstem, which regulate breathing and blood pressure accordingly.

Pulmonary congestion. This statement is wrong because pulmonary congestion is not directly sensed by chemoreceptors, but by pulmonary stretch receptors, which are different types of sensory receptors located in the lungs