Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

They do not carry oxygen to the cells, but they use oxygen to perform cellular respiration.

It does not carry oxygen to the cells, but it codes for the synthesis of proteins, including hemoglobin.

It does not carry oxygen to the cells directly, but it transports blood that contains hemoglobin and oxygen.

Diaphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The distal region of the humerus is the lower area of the humerus that is closest to the elbow.

Therefore, a fracture in the distal region of the humerus would affect the diaphysis.

Choice A is wrong because epiphysis is the wider section at each end of the bone that is filled with spongy bone.

The epiphysis is not part of the shaft of the bone.

Choice B is wrong because endosteum is the delicate membranous lining of the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur.

The endosteum is not a region of the bone, but a tissue that lines the inner surface.

Choice C is wrong because perichondrium is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.

The perichondrium is not a part of the bone itself, but a covering that helps with nourishment and growth.

Testosterone is an androgen, a type of sex hormone responsible for developing male characteristics, such as pubic and axillary hair, deepening of the voice, growth of the penis, and sperm production. Testosterone is produced by the testes in males and the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.

Choice A is wrong because oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Choice B is wrong because progesterone is a hormone that prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Choice C is wrong because prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

It does not affect hair growth at puberty.

Vastus lateralis. This is because the vastus lateralis is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group, along with the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

These muscles are located in the anterior and lateral sides of the thigh and are responsible for extending the knee and flexing the hip.

Choice A. Gastrocnemius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the posterior leg that plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee.

Choice B. Trapezius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the back and neck that elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

Choice D. Rectus abdominis is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that flexes the trunk and compresses the abdomen.