Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?

 

The correct answer is choice C. Melanoma. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can be recognized by the lesion’s character based on the ABCD rule.

The ABCD rule stands for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color and Dermoscopic structure. Melanomas tend to have asymmetrical shapes, irregular borders, multiple colors and different structures.

Choice A is wrong because sarcoma is a cancer of the connective tissues, not the skin. Choice B is wrong because basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that usually has a pearly or waxy appearance, not the features of the ABCD rule. Choice D is wrong because squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that usually has a scaly or crusty appearance, not the features of the ABCD rule.

Normal ranges for skin lesions vary depending on the type and location of the lesion, but generally they should be symmetrical, have smooth borders, be uniform in color and have a consistent structure. Any changes in size, shape, color or texture of a skin lesion should be checked by a doctor.

The correct answer is choice D. Dermal papillae. Dermal papillae are the projections of the dermis that create the ridges and grooves on the surface of the skin, which are responsible for fingerprints.

Choice A is wrong because Merkel cells are touch receptor cells located at the tip of the epidermal ridges, not the dermal papillae.

Choice B is wrong because arrector pili are smooth muscles attached to hair follicles, which cause goose bumps when contracted, not fingerprints.

Choice C is wrong because sudoriferous glands are sweat glands that secrete fluid onto the skin surface, not fingerprints.

The correct answer is choice D. Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are tiny components of your blood that help with clotting. They are your body’s natural bandage to stop bleeding. When a blood vessel tears, thrombocytes stick together to form a clot, plugging the tear to stop bleeding.

Choice A is wrong because defending against infection is the function of white blood cells, not thrombocytes.

Choice B is wrong because transporting respiratory gases is the function of red blood cells, not thrombocytes.

Choice C is wrong because forming connective tissue is not the function of any blood cells, but of specialized cells called fibroblasts.

A normal platelet count for adults ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Any count above 450,000 or below 150,000 would be risk factors for platelet-related conditions.

The correct answer is choice D. Carrots and squash. These foods are rich in carotenoids, which are orangey-red pigments that can accumulate in the skin and cause a yellowish or orangey discoloration. This condition is called carotenemia and is usually harmless and reversible by reducing the intake of carotenoid-rich foods.

Choice A is wrong because spinach and mustard greens are not high in carotenoids, but rather in chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that does not affect skin color.

Choice B is wrong because turnips and beets are not high in carotenoids, but rather in betalains, which are red or yellow pigments that are mostly excreted in urine and do not accumulate in the skin.

Choice C is wrong because rice and eggs are not high in carotenoids, but rather in protein and starch, which do not affect skin color.