Why are the mitochondria often called the powerhouse of the cell?

Exocytosis is the process by which materials are released from a cell by fusing vesicles containing the materials with the plasma membrane, causing the vesicle contents to be expelled into the extracellular environment. It is a form of bulk transport that is used by cells to export molecules such as proteins, neurotransmitters, hormones, and waste products. Exocytosis plays essential roles in various cellular functions, including secretion, cell communication, and the removal of cellular waste.

The cell wall is the part of a plant cell that acts as a barrier and provides support to the cell. It is a rigid, protective structure located outside the cell membrane and is composed primarily of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate. The cell wall gives plant cells their characteristic shape and provides mechanical support, preventing the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure. It also helps regulate the movement of water and solutes into and out of the cell and protects the cell from pathogens and mechanical damage. In addition to cellulose, the cell wall may contain other polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin, depending on the type of plant cell and its function.

The xiphoid process is a small, cartilaginous extension at the inferior end of the sternum, also known as the breastbone. It is the smallest and most inferior part of the sternum and serves as an attachment site for some abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, a large muscle involved in breathing. The xiphoid process may vary in size and shape among individuals and tends to ossify (turn into bone) with age. It plays a role in stabilizing the sternum and protecting underlying structures in the abdomen.

DNA synthesis, or DNA replication, occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is the series of events that a cell undergoes as it grows and divides into two daughter cells. The S phase is the phase of DNA synthesis, during which the cell replicates its DNA to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. After DNA replication in the S phase, the cell proceeds to the G2 phase, where it prepares for cell division by checking for errors in DNA replication and synthesizing proteins necessary for mitosis or meiosis.