A 21-year-old male college student presents to the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner with a chief complaint of test anxiety. During the evaluation, he reports binge drinking "only on the weekends" with his fraternity brothers. Which of the following would be the most appropriate assessment tools at this time?
Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST)
CAGE questionnaire
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment from alcohol (CIWA)
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: The MAST is a comprehensive tool used primarily for identifying long-term alcohol abuse. It is less sensitive to recent or episodic binge drinking patterns, especially in younger populations.
Choice B reason: The CAGE questionnaire is brief and useful for identifying alcohol dependence, but it lacks sensitivity for detecting binge drinking and is less effective in younger individuals.
Choice C reason: CIWA is used to assess the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It is not appropriate for screening binge drinking or assessing alcohol use patterns in outpatient settings.
Choice D reason: The AUDIT is a validated tool designed to detect hazardous and harmful drinking, including binge drinking. It is especially effective in younger populations and provides a broader assessment of alcohol use behaviors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Any financial incentive from a pharmaceutical company, regardless of amount, constitutes a potential conflict of interest. It may influence prescribing behavior or create bias, even subconsciously. Ethical guidelines emphasize transparency and avoidance of even minor inducements that could compromise clinical judgment.
Choice B reason: While this reflects a possible psychological consequence of accepting the gift, it is speculative. The core issue is the presence of a financial incentive from an industry source, which is inherently a conflict of interest.
Choice C reason: The equivalence to a meal cost does not negate the ethical concern. The form of the incentive is less important than its source and potential influence. Ethical standards apply regardless of the delivery method.
Choice D reason: Lack of reporting does not eliminate the conflict. Ethical practice requires recognition and management of potential conflicts, not just disclosure.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancers, but its contribution to the increasing incidence has declined due to public health efforts and reduced smoking rates. It remains a significant cause but not the primary driver of the recent rise.
Choice B reason: Air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, but it is not a recognized major contributor to oropharyngeal cancers. There is no strong epidemiological link between air pollution and the rising incidence of these cancers.
Choice C reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16, has emerged as the leading cause of the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal cancers, especially among younger adults who do not smoke. HPV-related cancers tend to affect the tonsils and base of the tongue and are biologically distinct from those caused by tobacco and alcohol.
Choice D reason: Alcohol is a known risk factor for oral cancers, especially when combined with tobacco use. However, like smoking, its role in the rising incidence is secondary to HPV, which has become the predominant etiological factor in recent years.
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