A 3-year-old girl with a history of prenatal exposure to methamphetamines is brought to the PMHNP by her grandmother for an evaluation of her readiness to attend preschool. She demonstrates substantial delays across multiple domains of functioning, including communication, learning, attention, and motor development. These deficits will limit her ability to interact with same-age peers. She also requires substantial support in all activities of daily living at home. Due to custodial circumstances, her grandmother is a poor historian and is unable to provide information about the age of onset for these symptoms. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Autism spectrum disorder
Global developmental delay
Major neurocognitive disorder
Intellectual disability
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Autism spectrum disorder is primarily characterized by social communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors, not global delays across all domains.
Choice B reason: Global developmental delay is used for children under 5 when significant delays are present in multiple developmental domains and the age of onset is unclear, making this the most appropriate diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Major neurocognitive disorder is diagnosed in older individuals with acquired cognitive decline, not in young children with developmental delays.
Choice D reason: Intellectual disability requires evidence of deficits that emerged during the developmental period, but if the age of onset cannot be determined, global developmental delay is preferred for children under 5.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Ischemic stroke can present with altered mental status and neurological deficits, but unequal pupils and inability to sit up suggest a more diffuse pressure effect rather than a focal stroke.
Choice B reason: This is correct. Signs such as altered mental status, unequal and sluggish pupils, restlessness, inability to sit upright, and severely elevated blood pressure are classic indications of increased intracranial pressure. The high BP is a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion (Cushing’s triad may also be observed in severe cases).
Choice C reason: Myocardial infarction primarily presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and sometimes altered mental status if complicated by cardiogenic shock, but it does not typically cause unequal pupils or inability to sit upright.
Choice D reason: A cerebral aneurysm rupture may cause sudden severe headache and neurological deficits, but unequal pupils and progressive confusion are more characteristic of increased intracranial pressure from hemorrhage or mass effect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Herbal therapy involves ingestion of plant-based remedies, whereas this patient is using inhalation for relaxation.
Choice B reason: Supplements refer to ingestible vitamins or minerals, not inhaled essential oils.
Choice C reason: Vitamins are micronutrients taken orally for nutritional purposes, not for relaxation via olfactory stimulation.
Choice D reason: Aromatherapy uses essential oils to promote physical and psychological well-being through scent, which is exactly the method employed by this patient.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.