A 3-year-old girl with a history of prenatal exposure to methamphetamines is brought to the PMHNP by her grandmother for an evaluation of her readiness to attend preschool. She demonstrates substantial delays across multiple domains of functioning, including communication, learning, attention, and motor development. These deficits will limit her ability to interact with same-age peers. She also requires substantial support in all activities of daily living at home. Due to custodial circumstances, her grandmother is a poor historian and is unable to provide information about the age of onset for these symptoms. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Autism spectrum disorder
Global developmental delay
Major neurocognitive disorder
Intellectual disability
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Autism spectrum disorder is primarily characterized by social communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors, not global delays across all domains.
Choice B reason: Global developmental delay is used for children under 5 when significant delays are present in multiple developmental domains and the age of onset is unclear, making this the most appropriate diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Major neurocognitive disorder is diagnosed in older individuals with acquired cognitive decline, not in young children with developmental delays.
Choice D reason: Intellectual disability requires evidence of deficits that emerged during the developmental period, but if the age of onset cannot be determined, global developmental delay is preferred for children under 5.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Rolling the patient into the recovery position is an essential intervention during a seizure. This helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration if the patient vomits. It is a safe and recommended practice to protect the patient without causing harm.
Choice B reason: Restraining a patient during a tonic-clonic seizure can cause injury to both the patient and the healthcare provider. It is contraindicated because it can lead to broken bones, joint dislocations, and soft tissue injuries. The safest approach is to ensure the area around the patient is clear and allow the seizure to run its course while maintaining airway and safety.
Choice C reason: Maintaining the patient’s airway is critical during a seizure to prevent hypoxia and aspiration. Interventions can include positioning the patient on their side, suctioning secretions if necessary, and monitoring for respiratory compromise. This is a recommended and life-saving action.
Choice D reason: Obtaining IV access, if possible, is important for rapid administration of emergency medications if the seizure is prolonged or complications arise. While not immediately necessary during the seizure onset, it is appropriate to prepare for potential interventions safely.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Williams syndrome is associated with distinctive facial features, cardiovascular anomalies, and strong verbal abilities, not consistent with the long face and large ears described.
Choice B reason: Rett syndrome primarily affects females and includes regression of motor and communication skills, making it unlikely in this male patient.
Choice C reason: Fragile X syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, long face, large ears, joint hyperextensibility, and sometimes short stature, aligning with the patient’s presentation.
Choice D reason: Turner syndrome affects females, involves short stature and certain facial features, but would not account for male presentation.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.