A 13-year-old boy presents to the PMHNP accompanied by his mother, who complains of a change in behavior for the past 2 months. The mother says her son frequently loses his temper, is easily angered, is resentful, and is spiteful toward her. This behavior started approximately 4 weeks after she and the boy's father separated and the father moved out of the home. Which of the following helps the PMHNP to rule out oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
ODD has an onset prior to age 12.
ODD is not an actual diagnosis; it is a behavioral issue that requires treatment with psychotherapy.
The patient must exhibit at least three of eight possible symptoms for a minimum of 3 months.
ODD is a pattern of angry or irritable mood and argumentative, defiant, or vindictive behavior lasting at least 6 months and featuring at least four of the associated symptoms.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: While ODD generally has an onset before age 12, knowing the age of onset alone does not allow the PMHNP to definitively rule out the disorder. It is a characteristic rather than a diagnostic threshold.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because ODD is a recognized psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-5. While psychotherapy is a common treatment, dismissing it as “not an actual diagnosis” is inaccurate.
Choice C reason: This option outlines a symptom threshold for a shorter period (3 months), but DSM-5 specifies that the behavior must persist for 6 months, making this choice incomplete for diagnostic exclusion.
Choice D reason: This is the correct answer. According to DSM-5, ODD is defined by a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, with at least four symptoms present. The patient’s behavior began only 2 months ago, which helps rule out ODD as the diagnosis at this time.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent and excessive worry about a variety of everyday issues rather than specific social situations. This patient’s anxiety is context-specific (social interactions), which does not meet the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder.
Choice B reason: Agoraphobia involves fear or avoidance of places or situations where escape might be difficult, often involving crowds or public spaces. Her avoidance is social in nature, not related to leaving home or public spaces, so this diagnosis does not fit.
Choice C reason: This is the correct answer. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) is characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations due to potential scrutiny or embarrassment. The patient’s avoidance of social events, fear of saying or doing something embarrassing, and relief when she attends indicate classic features of social anxiety disorder.
Choice D reason: Panic disorder is defined by recurrent unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having additional attacks. The patient does not report sudden, recurrent panic episodes but rather anticipatory anxiety about social evaluation, making panic disorder an inappropriate diagnosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This describes receptive difficulties rather than expressive aphasia; expressive aphasia primarily affects language production rather than comprehension.
Choice B reason: Wernicke’s area damage causes receptive aphasia, characterized by impaired comprehension and fluent but nonsensical speech. Expressive aphasia results from damage to Broca’s area.
Choice C reason: Expressive aphasia, or Broca’s aphasia, is characterized by intact comprehension but impaired speech production. Patients may struggle to form complete sentences and have telegraphic speech.
Choice D reason: Inability to recognize an object by touch is astereognosis, unrelated to expressive aphasia or language deficits.
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