A 65-year-old patient with a history of systemic hypertension suddenly develops acute chest pain that extends towards the abdominal cavity. This episode is quickly followed by a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). This patient has most likely suffered which of the following medical emergencies?

A 36-year-old man with AIDS presents with fever, dry cough, and dyspnea. A chest x-ray shows bilateral and diffuse infiltrates. Laboratory studies reveal a low CD4+ cell count. A lung biopsy discloses a chronic interstitial pneumonitis and an intra-alveolar foamy exudate. A silver stain of a bronchoalveolar lavage is shown. Which of the following organisms is the most likely responsible for these pulmonary findings?

A 65-year-old woman experienced chest pain on exertion that was relieved by taking nitroglycerin. What is the appropriate name for this patient's chest pain?

A 72-year-old man who works for a mine in Libby, Montana, has a clinical history of pulmonary function tests that show a decreased FEV, and FVC, with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. He dies and an autopsy is performed. The autopsy reveals a tumor in the right pleural cavity, which completely encases the lung. He also has tan- white pleural plaques in the right pleural cavity. Upon histologic examination of the lung, prominent alveolar septal fibrosis with honeycomb change is identified. This patient was most likely exposed to which of the following agents?

A 33-year-old woman delivers a healthy neonate at 38 weeks gestation. Two days later, the mother collapses in the nursery. Examination of medical records shows that the patient's father died at age 45 due to complications of Marfan syndrome. Blood pressure is 110/50 mmHg and pulses are diminished, Cardiac auscultation reveals a diastolic murmur. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 64-year-old woman with bilateral. varicose veins of her legs developed sudden onset\ chest pain. and expectorated blood the next day (hemoptysis). What could have caused the patient’s symptoms?

A 59-year-old man with a history of poor dentition presents with fever, new-onset heart murmur, and positive blood cultures for Streptococcus species. The provider suspects infective endocarditis involving a native heart valve. Which pathophysiologic characteristic of cardiac valves most explains why bacteria are able to adhere and proliferate in this location?

A 56-year-old man who has been at home recovering following an appendectomy, collapses after rushing out of bed to answer the telephone. Autopsy findings are shown (see image). This thromboembolus most likely originated in which of the following anatomic sites?

A 67-year-old smoker with long-standing bronchitis expectorates blood during a paroxysm of coughing. What is a possible serious cause of hemoptysis in this patient that should be considered?

A young adult male takes advantage of the free clinic to discuss recurring symptoms with a doctor. He explains that although he feels well at the moment, he sometimes hears some sound upon exhalation, and also can experience slight chest tightness and shortness of breath on occasion. The patient states that breathing symptoms come and go but tend to worsen seasonally. Standard spirometry tests are taken before and after inhalation of an ẞ-adrenergic receptor agonist. Which of the following would be consistent with the diagnosis of asthma?

A 50-year-old man with familial hyperlipidemia undergoes resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Signs of congestive heart failure develop shortly after surgery. Despite treatment, the patient becomes hypotensive and expires 2 days later. Autopsy reveals marked narrowing of coronary arteries, but without thrombosis. Multiple foci of necrosis are found circumferentially around the inner walls of both ventricles. Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of necrotic foci in the patient's heart?