A 74-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with bacterial pneumonia. While obtaining the client's history, the nurse learns that the client has osteoarthritis but still plays golf three times a week, follows a vegetarian diet, and is very concerned with cleanliness. Which client information would most likely be a risk factor for diagnosing pneumonia?
Vegetarian diet
Advanced age
Osteoarthritis
Plays golf three times a week
The Correct Answer is B
A. Vegetarian diet — A vegetarian diet is not a known risk factor for pneumonia unless it results in nutritional deficiencies, which is not indicated here.
B. Advanced age — Older adults, especially those over 65, have decreased immune system function and pulmonary reserves, making them more susceptible to infections like pneumonia. This is the most significant risk factor in this scenario.
C. Osteoarthritis — While osteoarthritis affects mobility and comfort, it does not directly increase the risk of developing pneumonia.
D. Plays golf three times a week — Regular physical activity suggests good overall health and is not a risk factor for pneumonia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Void at least every 6 to 8 hours — Holding urine for long periods can promote bacterial growth. Clients should be encouraged to void every 2 to 4 hours to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
B. Avoid voiding immediately after sexual intercourse — Clients should be encouraged to void soon after intercourse to help flush out bacteria introduced into the urethra during sexual activity.
C. Take a bath twice a day and keep the perineal region clean — Showers are preferred over baths for clients prone to recurrent cystitis, as prolonged soaking can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
D. Drink liberal amounts of fluids — Adequate hydration helps dilute urine and promotes frequent urination, which aids in flushing bacteria from the urinary tract and preventing infections.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Draw blood for an arterial blood gas — While ABG analysis is important in assessing respiratory function, it is not the priority in this emergency. The client is in severe respiratory distress and needs immediate intervention.
B. Initiate oxygen therapy as prescribed and reassess the client in 10 minutes — Although oxygen therapy is essential, waiting 10 minutes to reassess without addressing bronchoconstriction may delay critical treatment. Immediate bronchodilation is needed.
C. Encourage the client to relax and breathe slowly through the mouth — This may be helpful as a supportive measure but is not appropriate as the first intervention during acute respiratory distress.
D. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed — This is the priority action. The client is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation, likely leading to airway constriction. Bronchodilators will help relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow, which is the most urgent need.
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