A group of nurses is discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the most significant risk for contracting HIV?
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV
The Correct Answer is A
A. A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV — Blood is the primary route of HIV transmission in healthcare settings. A phlebotomist handling blood samples is at the highest occupational risk, especially if a needle-stick injury occurs.
B. An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV — Casual contact during therapy sessions does not pose a significant risk for HIV transmission.
C. A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV — HIV is not spread through sweat or casual physical contact, so the risk here is extremely low.
D. A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV — HIV is not transmitted through urine unless it contains visible blood, and even then, the risk is very low with proper precautions.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypoglycemia is not a typical complication of hypokalemia or furosemide use.
B. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injury or dysfunction, not from low potassium levels.
C. Seizures are more commonly associated with hyponatremia or hypocalcemia, not mild hypokalemia.
D. Cardiac dysrhythmias are a primary concern with hypokalemia (such as a potassium level of 3.3 mEq/L), as low potassium can disrupt cardiac electrical activity and increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Assess the abdomen every 2 hours — While abdominal assessment is important, it is not the most critical intervention specifically related to renal calculi.
B. Monitor the client's creatinine and BUN levels — Monitoring kidney function is important but not the most immediate or specific action in identifying and managing stones.
C. Strain all urine and send any sediment to the lab — Straining urine allows the nurse to collect passed stones or fragments for laboratory analysis, which is essential for determining the type of stone and guiding future prevention and treatment strategies.*
D. Take a 24-hour dietary recall during the client interview — While helpful for identifying dietary contributors to stone formation, this is not the priority during the acute phase of renal calculi management.
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