A client experiencing anaphylactic allergic reaction after eating peanuts. The client is ordered to receive epinephrine (Adrenalin). This medication is considered a nonspecific adrenergic receptor drug because it innervates ________ receptor sites.
Beta-adrenergic
Alpha-adrenergic
Dopamine
Alpha and beta adrenergic
The Correct Answer is D
A. Beta-adrenergic: While epinephrine does stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle and improve airflow, it also affects other receptors. Limiting its classification to beta only does not capture its full range of action in anaphylaxis.
B. Alpha-adrenergic: Epinephrine’s alpha-adrenergic effects cause vasoconstriction, which helps raise blood pressure and reduce edema. However, it also has important beta-adrenergic effects, so alpha stimulation alone is incomplete.
C. Dopamine: Epinephrine does not act on dopamine receptors in the context of treating anaphylaxis. Dopamine receptor activity is unrelated to its primary emergency actions.
D. Alpha and beta adrenergic: Epinephrine is nonspecific because it stimulates both alpha and beta receptors. Alpha stimulation increases vascular tone to counter hypotension and edema, while beta stimulation dilates bronchioles and increases cardiac output, making it the drug of choice for severe allergic reactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Shake the bottle before use: Shaking may be necessary for suspensions to ensure even distribution of medication, but it does not prevent contamination. While important for proper dosing, it is not the primary infection control measure.
B. Administer while the patient is standing: The patient’s position affects comfort and ease of administration but does not influence contamination risk. Positioning can be adjusted to facilitate proper instillation into the conjunctival sac.
C. Instill directly onto the cornea: Placing drops directly on the cornea can cause irritation or injury. Eye drops should be placed in the conjunctival sac, which does not reduce contamination risk but ensures safety and comfort.
D. Do not touch the dropper tip to any surface.: Avoiding contact with the dropper tip prevents introduction of microorganisms that could contaminate the medication. Contaminated tips can cause eye infections, making this step crucial for safe administration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypernatremia: Hydrochlorothiazide promotes sodium excretion, so high sodium levels are unlikely. The medication tends to lower sodium, making hypernatremia an uncommon concern in this combination therapy.
B. Hypokalemia: Hydrochlorothiazide increases renal potassium excretion, which can lower serum potassium levels. Low potassium enhances the risk of digoxin toxicity, including arrhythmias, making close monitoring essential. This electrolyte imbalance is the most significant concern with this drug combination.
C. Hypocalcemia: Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide actually decrease calcium excretion, so low calcium levels are not expected. Monitoring calcium is not a primary concern for this patient.
D. Hypermagnesemia: Hydrochlorothiazide increases magnesium excretion, but high magnesium levels are unlikely. Hypermagnesemia is not a common side effect of this therapy and is not a priority for monitoring in this scenario.
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