A patient is receiving (metoprolol) Lopressor post MI, the nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
Constipation and dry mouth
Signs of heart failure such as edema and weight gain
Signs of hyperactivity
Increased energy and appetite
The Correct Answer is B
A. Constipation and dry mouth: Metoprolol does not commonly affect gastrointestinal motility or salivary gland secretion, so these symptoms are not typical adverse effects. Such findings are more often linked to anticholinergic medications.
B. Signs of heart failure such as edema and weight gain: Metoprolol can reduce cardiac contractility, which may worsen heart failure in susceptible patients. Fluid retention, swelling, and rapid weight gain signal declining cardiac output and require prompt evaluation.
C. Signs of hyperactivity: Metoprolol slows conduction through the AV node and decreases sympathetic activity, which usually causes fatigue rather than stimulation. Hyperactivity does not align with its mechanism of action and would be unlikely to occur with therapeutic dosing.
D. Increased energy and appetite: Beta-blockers often cause lethargy or exercise intolerance due to reduced heart rate and cardiac workload. Increased energy or appetite would be inconsistent with these physiologic effects. Assessing for such symptoms would not provide relevant information regarding medication safety.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Instruct the patient to go to an emergency department because this is a hypersensitivity reaction.: A persistent cough from captopril is not an immediate hypersensitivity reaction; it is a common, non-life-threatening side effect. Emergency care is not required unless there are signs of angioedema or respiratory distress.
B. Schedule an appointment with the provider to discuss changing to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).: ACE inhibitors like captopril can cause a persistent dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels. Switching to an ARB avoids this side effect while maintaining antihypertensive efficacy. Discussing alternatives with the provider is the appropriate action.
C. Tell the patient to stop taking the drug immediately since this is a serious side effect of this drug.: Abrupt discontinuation without provider guidance may lead to uncontrolled hypertension. While the cough is bothersome, it is not immediately dangerous, and medication changes should be managed through the prescriber.
D. Reassure the patient that this side effect is nothing to worry about and will diminish over time.: The cough caused by captopril often persists as long as the drug is taken. Reassuring the patient without considering alternative therapy may prolong discomfort and reduce adherence to treatment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vitamin K: Vitamin K supports bone health by aiding osteocalcin activation, but it does not significantly improve calcium absorption from the gut. Its role is secondary and not typically recommended as the primary adjunct for osteoporosis prevention.
B. Vitamin D: Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium, allowing more of the supplemented calcium to enter the bloodstream and be utilized for bone mineralization. Adequate vitamin D levels help maintain bone strength and reduce long-term osteoporosis risk. Pairing it with calcium provides the most effective preventive strategy.
C. Vitamin A: Vitamin A is not involved in calcium absorption and, in excess, can even contribute to bone loss. High intake may interfere with bone remodeling and increase fracture risk. It does not complement calcium in preventing osteoporosis.
D. Vitamin E: Vitamin E functions mainly as an antioxidant and has no direct role in bone mineral density or calcium utilization. Supplementing it would not enhance the effectiveness of calcium for bone health. It therefore offers no meaningful benefit in osteoporosis prevention.
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