A client is receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). After asystole is confirmed in two leads and sending for the code cart, which IV medication should be administered?
Epinephrine
Amiodarone
Adenosine.
Lidocaine.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Epinephrine: Epinephrine is the first-line medication for asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) during CPR. It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, increasing coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure, which improves the chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). It should be administered as soon as possible via IV or intraosseous route.
B. Amiodarone: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic used primarily for shockable rhythms such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). It is not indicated for asystole because there is no organized electrical activity to treat.
C. Adenosine: Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia by temporarily blocking AV nodal conduction. It has no role in asystole or pulseless cardiac arrest and is not part of CPR protocols for non-shockable rhythms.
D. Lidocaine: Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic alternative for VF or pulseless VT when amiodarone is unavailable. It does not improve outcomes in asystole and is not recommended for non-shockable rhythms during CPR.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Fine crackles auscultated over base of bilateral lung fields: Fine crackles indicate the presence of collapsed alveoli or fluid reopening airways, often heard in unresolved or partially resolving atelectasis. Their persistence suggests incomplete lung re-expansion rather than resolution.
B. Expiratory wheezing throughout the posterior chest: Wheezing reflects airway narrowing or bronchospasm and is not associated with alveolar re-expansion. This finding suggests obstructive airway processes rather than improvement of atelectasis.
C. Coarse crackles audible over the trachea: Coarse crackles originate from large airway secretions and are unrelated to alveolar collapse or lung expansion. Hearing them over the trachea indicates retained secretions rather than resolving atelectasis.
D. Vesicular breath sounds auscultated over lung fields: Vesicular breath sounds indicate normal airflow through fully expanded alveoli. Their presence across lung fields reflects improved ventilation and effective lung re-expansion, consistent with resolving atelectasis.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}
Explanation
Rationale:
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): The client presents with fever (101.2° F), tachycardia (126 beats/min), tachypnea (22 breaths/min), and leukocytosis (WBC 20,000/mm³), all of which meet the classic criteria for SIRS. Confusion and recent postoperative status increase suspicion for an infectious trigger. The right knee surgical site shows redness, swelling, and tenderness, suggesting a potential source of infection.
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA): A TIA typically presents with sudden, focal neurological deficits such as weakness, facial droop, or speech disturbances that resolve within 24 hours. While the client is confused, there are no focal deficits reported, and the altered mental status is more likely due to systemic inflammation or infection rather than a cerebral ischemic event. TIA does not explain fever, leukocytosis, or tachycardia.
• Pneumonia: Although the client has mild hypoxia, chest x-ray shows no infiltrates, and lung sounds are diminished but clear. There are no respiratory secretions or cough noted. While infection is suspected at the surgical site, the lungs are not the primary source. Pneumonia does not fully account for the systemic inflammatory response signs observed.
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