A client reports excessive worry, restlessness, and muscle tension.
Panic
Anxiety
Rumination
Paranoia
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Panic refers to an acute, intense, and overwhelming surge of fear often accompanied by physical symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, and a sense of impending doom. While it involves worry, it is characterized by its sudden onset and extreme physiological intensity rather than the sustained, generalized worry and muscle tension described.
Choice B reason: Anxiety, specifically Generalized Anxiety Disorder, is clinically characterized by excessive, uncontrollable apprehension regarding various events or activities. It manifest through somatic symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and significant muscle tension. It represents a persistent state of hyperarousal and cognitive dread that interferes with daily functioning and psychological well-being.
Choice C reason: Rumination involves repetitive, circular, and passive thinking focused on causes and consequences of one's distress or past failures. While it occurs in anxious states, it is primarily a cognitive process associated with depression. It does not inherently encompass the physiological symptoms of restlessness and muscle tension that define clinical anxiety.
Choice D reason: Paranoia is a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, where motives are interpreted as malevolent. While paranoia can generate significant stress, its core feature is the thematic content of persecution or conspiracy rather than the generalized "excessive worry" and physical restlessness typically seen in anxiety spectrum disorders.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Suicidal ideation refers to the presence of thoughts, images, or desires regarding ending one's life. While ideation is a significant risk factor, it does not necessarily include a specific plan or the expressed commitment and resolve to act on those thoughts in the immediate or near future.
Choice B reason: Intent represents a high-risk clinical stage where the individual not only has thoughts of self-harm but also expresses a clear desire or commitment to act on them. This involves a level of determination and a plan, distinguishing it from passive thoughts or fleeting, unwanted mental images of death.
Choice C reason: A delusion is a fixed false belief that is resistant to reason or contrary to actual fact. While a delusion could potentially motivate self-harm, the term itself describes the cognitive nature of the belief rather than the specific behavioral commitment or the expressed plan to cause physical self-injury.
Choice D reason: Intrusive thoughts are unwelcome, involuntary thoughts or images that may be disturbing in nature. In many cases, such as in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, the individual finds these thoughts repulsive and has no desire or commitment to act on them, which is the opposite of suicidal intent.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Euthymic refers to a normal, tranquil mental state or a "mid-range" mood. It is the clinical term for a state that is neither depressed nor manic. In patients with bipolar disorder, reaching a euthymic state is often the primary goal of pharmacological and therapeutic intervention and management.
Choice B reason: Dysthymic refers to a chronic, low-grade depressed mood. In clinical practice, Persistent Depressive Disorder (formerly Dysthymia) involves a mood that is consistently below the neutral baseline for at least 2 years. This is the opposite of a state characterized by abnormal happiness, excitement, or high energy levels.
Choice C reason: Labile describes a mood that is unstable and shifts rapidly and intensely between different emotional states, such as moving from laughter to tears within a short period. While a labile mood can include moments of happiness, the term focuses on the fluctuation rather than a sustained abnormal high.
Choice D reason: Elevated mood is a state of emotional buoyancy characterized by excessive optimism, cheerfulness, and high energy. When it reaches a pathological level, it is a core symptom of a manic or hypomanic episode, often accompanied by increased talkativeness, decreased need for sleep, and grandiosity in thought
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