A client who recently experienced a myocardial infarction has decreased cardiac output and prolonged capillary refill. Which finding should the nurse recognize as compensatory response to decreased cardiac output and circulatory volume?
Decreased respiratory rate.
Increased heart rate.
Increased urine output.
Decreased blood pressure.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Decreased respiratory rate: A lowered respiratory rate is not a typical compensatory response to decreased cardiac output. In fact, the body often increases respiratory rate to improve oxygen delivery to tissues.
B. Increased heart rate: Tachycardia is a primary compensatory mechanism in response to reduced cardiac output. By increasing heart rate, the body attempts to maintain cardiac output and perfusion to vital organs despite myocardial impairment.
C. Increased urine output: Decreased cardiac output usually triggers activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in fluid retention and reduced urine output to preserve circulatory volume.
D. Decreased blood pressure: Hypotension may occur if compensation fails, but initially, vasoconstriction and increased heart rate help maintain blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure is a sign of decompensation rather than an effective compensatory response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. History of vomiting at home for 3 days prior to surgery: A recent history of prolonged vomiting increases the risk of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and delayed gastric emptying. This information is crucial for the receiving nurse to consider when monitoring fluid status, nausea, and postoperative recovery, making it essential to report.
B. Soft abdomen, absent bowel sounds, no bleeding on dressing: These findings are expected immediately after abdominal surgery and are routine for PACU handoff. While important to note, they do not represent additional risk factors requiring urgent attention.
C. Declining to take ice chips despite reporting of dry mouth: While oral intake may help with comfort, refusal of ice chips is not an urgent clinical concern. It can be addressed post-transfer once safety and vital signs are assessed.
D. Peripheral pulses present with full range of motion of both legs: Normal peripheral neurovascular findings are expected and routine for PACU report. This information does not require immediate additional attention.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Notify the stroke team to assist with acute assessment and management: Sudden unilateral weakness and facial droop indicate an acute stroke, requiring rapid, coordinated intervention. Activating the stroke team ensures timely neurologic assessment, imaging interpretation, and determination of eligibility for thrombolytic or endovascular therapy. Early team involvement is critical to minimizing neuronal injury and improving outcomes.
B. Keep the bed in the lowest position and initiate seizure and fall precautions: Safety measures are important but do not address the immediate need for rapid stroke evaluation and treatment. Delaying definitive stroke management can result in loss of critical treatment time. These precautions can be implemented after urgent stroke protocols are underway.
C. Administer aspirin to prevent further clot formation and platelet clumping: Aspirin is contraindicated until intracranial hemorrhage has been ruled out by CT imaging. Premature antiplatelet administration could worsen bleeding if a hemorrhagic stroke is present. Medication decisions must follow diagnostic confirmation.
D. Test for a swallowing reflex and perform communication deficit assessments: Swallowing and communication assessments are part of comprehensive stroke care but are not the immediate priority in the hyperacute phase. These evaluations are performed after stabilization and initial management decisions. Rapid activation of stroke protocols takes precedence.
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