A client with a diagnosis of pleural inflammation is admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress. Which type of adventitious lung sounds should the nurse expect to hear upon auscultation?

Wheezes

Low pitched, grating rubbing sound

Crackles

Gurgling

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Wheezes are high-pitched, continuous sounds that occur during expiration (and sometimes inspiration) due to narrowed airways, commonly seen in conditions like asthma or chronic bronchitis. They are not typically associated with pleural inflammation.
B.   This description matches a pleural friction rub. A pleural friction rub is a low-pitched, grating or rubbing sound that occurs when inflamed pleural surfaces rub against each other. It is characteristic of pleural inflammation and is best heard during both inspiration and expiration. This sound results from the roughened pleural surfaces due to inflammation and is the expected finding in a patient with pleuritis.
C.   Crackles (or rales) are discontinuous, high-pitched sounds heard typically during inspiration, caused by the opening of collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli. They are commonly associated with conditions like pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or pulmonary fibrosis, rather than pleural inflammation.
D.   Gurgling is not a standard term for describing lung sounds. It may refer to rhonchi, which are low- pitched, continuous sounds heard due to mucus or fluid in the larger airways. Rhonchi can be heard in conditions like bronchitis or pneumonia but are not specifically associated with pleural inflammation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Cyclic breast pain is related to the menstrual cycle and typically follows a pattern in relation to hormonal changes. It often starts in the luteal phase of the cycle and resolves with the onset of menstruation. Since the described pain is not associated with the menstrual cycle, this term is not appropriate for the given scenario.
B. Noncyclic breast pain is pain that is not related to the menstrual cycle and does not have a specific, cyclical pattern. It is often described as occurring independently of hormonal changes and can be associated with a variety of other factors, including infections, injuries, or other conditions affecting the breast tissue.
C. Fibrocystic breast changes refer to a condition characterized by lumpy, tender breasts with pain often related to hormonal changes. The pain and lumps can vary with the menstrual cycle, so it does not fit the description of noncyclic pain that is independent of the menstrual cycle.
D. While breast cancer can present with pain, particularly in advanced stages or in the presence of a mass, the term "breast cancer" is not used to describe the nature of the pain itself. It is a diagnosis rather than a descriptive term for pain characteristics.

A. diabetic neuropathy. B. postherpetic neuralgia. C. visceral pain. D. trigeminal neuralgia.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that occurs due to prolonged high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes. While diabetic neuropathy can cause pain, it's usually more generalized and affects extremities rather than specific areas like the mouth and teeth.
B. Postherpetic neuralgia is a condition that occurs as a complication of shingles (herpes zoster). It involves persistent nerve pain in the area where the shingles rash occurred, typically affecting the skin. The pain is usually described as burning or aching rather than stabbing, and it is localized to the area previously affected by the rash.
C. Visceral pain originates from the internal organs (viscera) and is typically described as a deep, aching, or cramping pain. It is often associated with conditions like gastrointestinal or gynecological issues.
D. Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by sudden, severe, sharp, stabbing pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the face. The pain can be triggered by activities such as brushing teeth, talking, or touching the face.

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A client with a diagnosis of pleural inflammation is admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress. Which type of adventitious lung sounds should the nurse expect to hear upon auscultation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Breast pain that is not associated with the menstrual cycle and has no precipitating factors is documented using which term?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client tells the nurse that they are experiencing stabbing pain in the mouth, gums, teeth, and chin following brushing her teeth. These are symptoms of

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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